Cypermethrin Alters the Expression Profile of mRNAs in the Adult Rat Striatum: A Putative Mechanism of Postnatal Pre-exposure Followed by Adulthood Re-exposure-Enhanced Neurodegeneration

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cypermethrin on the expression patterns of mRNAs in the striatum of adulthood alone and postnatal pre-exposed followed by adulthood re-exposed rats using discover chips rat microarrays. The expression patterns of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2-associated X protein, caspase 1, caspase 9, death-associated protein 3 and interleukin-1β were validated by the qRT-PCR. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II were assessed immunohistochemically; however, tumour protein p53 and cytochrome c (mitochondrial and cytosolic) expressions were checked at protein level by western blotting. Cypermethrin differentially regulated 65 transcripts at one or the other stage of exposure and 21 transcripts exhibited more pronounced alterations in the postnatal pre-exposed and adulthood re-challenged rats. The results of qRT-PCR were in accordance with the microarray observations and the expressions of iNOS, p53 and cytosolic cytochrome c and MHC II positivity were increased while the level of mitochondrial cytochrome c was reduced in adulthood treated animals. The effects were more pronounced in the postnatal pre-exposed followed by adulthood re-exposed rats. The results obtained thus suggest that multiple pathways are involved in the neurodegeneration as well as in enhancing the vulnerability of neurons in cypermethrin pre-exposed postnatal animals upon re-exposure during adulthood.

Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats

“…The present study indicated that the levels of serum NO, iNOS and NF‐ К B mRNA expression as well as inflammatory markers (IL‐1β, TNF‐α) were significantly increased in the lungs of α‐CYP‐treated rats which is in agreement with the previous study of Tiwari et al (). This may be due to the excessive production of ROS by α‐CYP.…”

The effect and mechanism of cypermethrin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity as determined by network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

“…A previous study confirmed that CMN decreased the mRNA expression levels of Sirt1 in the germ cells of male rats [ 35 ]. However, CMN was also found to increase the mRNA expression levels of IL10 in rat striatum, which is contrary to results of the present study [ 36 ]. Considering the key roles of Sirt1 and Il0 in the hippocampus, CMN could act on these two targets and cause damage to the hippocampal neurons.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Nano-Curcumin against Cypermethrin Associated Oxidative Stress and Up-Regulation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Rat Brains

“…Caspase-3 and -9 were upregulated, which are markers of apoptosis in the brain, whereas high levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were found after 15 days of exposure of CPM-induced apoptosis and inflammation. RNA expression of TNF-α, NF-kB, BAX, and caspase-3 was further confirmed by qRT-PCR, and amplified expression of these markers was also confirmed by previously reported studies [ 39 , 40 ]. Neuroinflammation in the brain was modulated by pro-inflammatory regulators evident in CPM-treated group.…”