CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 have distinct functions in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis

Chen, Sixue; Glawischnig, Erich; Jørgensen, Kirsten; Naur, Peter; Jørgensen, Bodil; Olsen, Carl Erik; Hansen, Carsten Hørslev; Rasmussen, Hans N.; Pickett, John A.; Halkier, Barbara Ann

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01679.x

Cited by 224 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These mutants exhibit massive proliferation of shoots, together with other developmental defects. The quantification of hormone levels in sps/cyp79F1 mutant plants indicates that both auxin and cytokinins are higher in the mutants, but the phenotypes of the sps/cyp79F1 plants are consistent with higher levels of cytokinins rather than auxins as the key factor responsible for the change in branching pattern (Tantikanjana et al, 2001).Despite the fact that sps/cyp79F1 plants resemble hormone mutants, biochemical studies have shown that SPS/CYP79F1 gene encodes an enzyme catalyzing metabolism of both short-chain and long-chain elongated Met-derivatives in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates (Hansen et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2003). Glucosinolates are a group of secondary plant metabolites known to play a role in plant defense and are sources of flavor compounds, cancer-preventing agents, and bioherbicides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Functional Analysis of the Tandem-Duplicated P450 Genes SPS/BUS/CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Plant Development by Ds Transposition-Generated Double Mutants

et al. 2004

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A significant fraction (approximately 17%) of Arabidopsis genes are members of tandemly repeated families and pose a particular challenge for functional studies. We have used the Ac-Ds transposition system to generate single-and doubleknockout mutants of two tandemly duplicated cytochrome P450 genes, SPS/BUS/CYP79F1 and CYP79F2. We have previously described the Arabidopsis supershoot mutants in CYP79F1 that exhibit massive overproliferation of shoots. Here we use a cytokinin-responsive reporter ARR5::uidA and an auxin-responsive reporter DR5::uidA in the sps/cyp79F1 mutant to show that increased levels of cytokinin, but not auxin, correlate well with the expression pattern of the SPS/CYP79F1 gene, supporting the involvement of this gene in cytokinin homeostasis. Further, we isolated Ds gene trap insertions in the CYP79F2 gene, and find these mutants to be defective mainly in the root system, consistent with a root-specific expression pattern. Finally, we generated double mutants in CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 using secondary transpositions, and demonstrate that the phenotypes are additive. Previous biochemical studies have suggested partially redundant functions for SPS/CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 in aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis. Our analysis shows that aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis is completely abolished in the double-knockout plants, providing genetic proof for the proposed biochemical functions of these genes. This study also provides further demonstration of how gluconisolate biosynthesis, regarded as secondary metabolism, is intricately linked with hormone homeostatis and hence with plant growth and development.Plant growth and development requires coordination of networks of biological processes within the plant, as well as with responses to external environments. The control of shoot branching by auxin and cytokinin is a well-known example of hormone interactions in controlling plant development. Cytokinin plays a key role in promoting bud growth, whereas auxin has an inhibitory effect. Therefore, the outcome appears to depend on the ratio of the two hormones (for review, see Tamas, 1995;Li and Bangerth, 1992). The two plant hormones not only play opposite roles in controlling plant growth and development, but also influence each other hormone homeostasis (Binns et al., 1987;Palni et al., 1988;Bangerth, 1994;Zhang et al., 1995;Makarova et al., 1996). We and others have described Arabidopsis mutants called supershoot (sps) or bushy (bus), which are disrupted in the gene encoding the cytochrome P450 CYP79F1 (Reintanz et al., 2001;Tantikanjana et al., 2001). These mutants exhibit massive proliferation of shoots, together with other developmental defects. The quantification of hormone levels in sps/cyp79F1 mutant plants indicates that both auxin and cytokinins are higher in the mutants, but the phenotypes of the sps/cyp79F1 plants are consistent with higher levels of cytokinins rather than auxins as the key factor responsible for the change in branching pattern (Tantikanjana et al., 2001).Despite the fact that s...

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confidence: 88%

Functional Analysis of the Tandem-Duplicated P450 Genes SPS/BUS/CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Plant Development by Ds Transposition-Generated Double Mutants

et al. 2004

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“…3), through the activity of gene products of the CYP79 gene family, each of which has substrate specificity for different amino acid precursors. For example, within Arabidopsis, the products of CYP79F1 and F2 catalyse the conversion of elongated homologues of methionine to the corresponding aldoximes [45], CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 convert tryptophan to their aldoximes [46] and CYP79A2 convert phenylalanine to its aldoxime [47]. The aldoxime conjugates with cysteine which acts as the sulphur donor, and then cleaved by a C -S lyase [48].…”

Section: Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Of Glsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucosinolates inBrassicavegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health

Verkerk¹,

Schreiner

Krumbein

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

518

424

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Glucosinolates (GLSs) are found in Brassica vegetables. Examples of these sources include cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower and various root vegetables (e.g. radish and turnip). A number of epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between consumption of these vegetables and the risk of colon and rectal cancer. Animal studies have shown changes in enzyme activities and DNA damage resulting from consumption of Brassica vegetables or isothiocyanates, the breakdown products (BDP) of GLSs in the body. Mechanistic studies have begun to identify the ways in which the compounds may exert their protective action but the relevance of these studies to protective effects in the human alimentary tract is as yet unproven. In vitro studies with a number of specific isothiocyanates have suggested mechanisms that might be the basis of their chemoprotective effects. The concentration and composition of the GLSs in different plants, but also within a plant (e.g. in the seeds, roots or leaves), can vary greatly and also changes during plant development. Furthermore, the effects of various factors in the supply chain of Brassica vegetables including breeding, cultivation, storage and processing on intake and bioavailability of GLSs are extensively discussed in this paper.

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“…Table 1 shows the kinetic parameters and the initial (fixed) concentration of MTOB used in the rate laws. Kinetic values set in Roman type were obtained from Textor et al (2004Textor et al ( , 2007, or, in the case of the CYP79F1/F2 enzymes, from Chen et al (2003). Values set in italics were derived from assumptions given above or chosen from preliminary simulations to optimize correspondence of the model with actual glucosinolate chain-length distributions observed.…”

Section: Rate Laws and Kinetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…k = 7 * 10 -7 a Parameters given in roman are experimental kinetic data, while those written in italics have been optimized to fit the model. Experimental data for MAM3 was obtained in Textor et al (2007); for MAM1 in Textor et al (2004) and for Cyp79F1 and F2 in Chen et al (2003). Constant concentration of the external metabolite OMTB = 1 lM transamination reactions (which are not yet characterized) by unknown parameters, increasing computational difficulties.…”

Section: ) Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling of aliphatic glucosinolate chain length distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves

et al. 2008

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Aliphatic glucosinolates are a major class of defensive secondary metabolites in plants that are mostly derived from methionine. Occurring in different chain lengths, they show a structural diversity arising from the variable number of chain elongation cycles taking place during their biosynthesis. The key enzymes in determining glucosinolate chain length are the methylthioalkylmalate (MAM) synthases, MAM1 and MAM3, with MAM3 showing a broader substrate specificity than MAM1. A comparison of the measurements of wild type and MAM1 knockout mutant plants shows the following distinct changes in glucosinolate chain length profiles:(1) a reversal of the relative proportions of the two shortest glucosinolates, (2) a significant increase in the concentration of the longest glucosinolate, (3) an increase in total glucosinolate content in the mutant.MAM3 knockout mutants on the contrary differ from wild type plants by a pronounced abundance of the second shortest glucosinolate and the depletion of the two longest glucosinolates. To clarify the contribution of the multifunctional enzymes MAM1 and MAM3 to the glucosinolate profile of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, we simulated glucosinolate biosynthesis in a kinetic model, taking into account the structure of the pathway and measured enzymatic properties. The predicted glucosinolate profiles show all characteristics of the actual differences between wild-type and MAM1 mutants or MAM3 mutants, respectively. The model strongly supports experimental indications that the two MAM activities are not independent of each other. In particular, it showed that an elevated expression of MAM3 in the MAM1 mutant is critical in determining the glucosinolate profile of this plant line. The simulation was critical for this finding since it allowed us to assess the individual effects of two processes-the knocking out of MAM1 and the overexpression of MAM3-that are difficult to separate experimentally.

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CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 have distinct functions in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis

Cited by 224 publications

References 42 publications

Functional Analysis of the Tandem-Duplicated P450 Genes SPS/BUS/CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Plant Development by Ds Transposition-Generated Double Mutants

Functional Analysis of the Tandem-Duplicated P450 Genes SPS/BUS/CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Plant Development by Ds Transposition-Generated Double Mutants

Glucosinolates inBrassicavegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health

Mathematical modelling of aliphatic glucosinolate chain length distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves

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