Cynarin, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative in artichoke, inhibits exocytotic glutamate release from rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes)

Lu, Cheng-Wei; Lin, Tzu-Yu; Hsieh, Pei‐Wen; Chiu, Kuan-Ming; Lee, Ming-Yi; Wang, Su‐Jane

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105537

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This finding supports a role for PKA in the GP-17-mediated decrease in glutamate release. In addition, in line with previous studies, 4-AP increased PKA pThr197, SNAP pThr138, and synapsin I pSer9 levels in cerebrocortical synaptosomes [51,52], an effect possibly associated with an increase in vesicle trafficking. However, GP-17 significantly reduced the 4-AP-induced increase in the levels of PKA pThr197, SNAP pThr138, and synapsin I pSer9.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gypenoside XVII Reduces Synaptic Glutamate Release and Protects against Excitotoxic Injury in Rats

Lu,

Lin,

Chiu

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Excitotoxicity is a common pathological process in neurological diseases caused by excess glutamate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gypenoside XVII (GP-17), a gypenoside monomer, on the glutamatergic system. In vitro, in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes), GP-17 dose-dependently decreased glutamate release with an IC50 value of 16 μM. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ or blockade of N-and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and protein kinase A (PKA) abolished the inhibitory effect of GP-17 on glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes. GP-17 also significantly reduced the phosphorylation of PKA, SNAP-25, and synapsin I in cortical synaptosomes. In an in vivo rat model of glutamate excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA), GP-17 pretreatment significantly prevented seizures and rescued neuronal cell injury and glutamate elevation in the cortex. GP-17 pretreatment decreased the expression levels of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1, glutamate synthesis enzyme glutaminase and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 but increased the expression level of glutamate metabolism enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in the cortex of KA-treated rats. In addition, the KA-induced alterations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B in the cortex were prevented by GP-17 pretreatment. GP-17 also prevented the KA-induced decrease in cerebral blood flow and arginase II expression. These results suggest that (i) GP-17, through the suppression of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and consequent PKA-mediated SNAP-25 and synapsin I phosphorylation, reduces glutamate exocytosis from cortical synaptosomes; and (ii) GP-17 has a neuroprotective effect on KA-induced glutamate excitotoxicity in rats through regulating synaptic glutamate release and cerebral blood flow.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gypenoside XVII Reduces Synaptic Glutamate Release and Protects against Excitotoxic Injury in Rats

Lu,

Lin,

Chiu

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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“…The phenolic hydroxyl group on the benzene ring also ensured the activity of Cyn. [ 91 ] Carvacrol is mainly composed of a benzene ring, epoxy ring, and methyl and hydroxyl groups on the ring. The presence of benzene and epoxy rings also ensures that carvacrol exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring effect of herbal monomers in treating gouty arthritis based on nuclear factor-kappa B signaling: A review

Guo,

Ye,

Tang

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Gouty arthritis (GA) is an inflammatory disease caused by disorders of the purine metabolism. Although increasing number of drugs have been used to treat GA with the deepening of relevant research, GA still cannot be cured by simple drug therapy. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of GA. A considerable number of Chinese herbal medicines have emerged as new drugs for the treatment of GA. This article collected relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of GA using NF-κB, GA, etc. as keywords; and conducted a systematic search of relevant published articles using the PubMed database. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine monomers on GA in the existing literature through in vivo and in vitro experiments using animal and cell models. Based on this review, we believe that traditional Chinese medicine monomers that can treat GA through the NF-κB signaling pathway are potential new drug development targets. This study provides research ideas for the development and application of new drugs for GA.

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“…A study conducted on the nerve terminals of the rat cerebral cortex (synaptosomes) has allowed for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the availability of synaptic vesicles and glutamate exocytosis. The study demonstrated that cynarin acts on the PKA signaling pathway in regulating glutamate release, decreasing Ca 2+ influx through P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels [ 135 ]. This result demonstrates that cynarin inhibits glutamate release in rat cerebral synaptosomes and provides an interesting contribution to understanding the neuroprotective effect of artichoke in the brain.…”

Section: Neuroprotective Effects Of Artichokementioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus in Health Benefits

Porro,

Benameur,

Cianciulli

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Dietary supplements enriched with bioactive compounds represent a promising approach to influence physiological processes and enhance longevity and overall health. Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus serves as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offers various health-promoting benefits. Several chronic diseases have metabolic, genetic, or inflammatory origins, which are frequently interconnected. Pharmacological treatments, although effective, often result in undesirable side effects. In this context, preventive approaches are gaining increased attention. Recent literature indicates that the consumption of bioactive compounds in the diet can positively influence the organism’s biological functions. Polyphenols, well-known for their health benefits, are widely recognized as valuable compounds in preventing/combating various pathologies related to lifestyle, metabolism, and aging. The C. scolymus belonging to the Asteraceae family, is widely used in the food and herbal medicine fields for its beneficial properties. Although the inflorescences (capitula) of the artichoke are used for food and culinary purposes, preparations based on artichoke leaves can be used as an active ingredient in herbal medicines. Cynara scolymus shows potential benefits in different domains. Its nutritional value and health benefits make it a promising candidate for improving overall well-being. C. scolymus exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver-protective, bile-expelling, antimicrobial, and lipid-lowering neuroprotective properties. Different studies demonstrate that oxidative stress is the leading cause of the onset and progression of major human health disorders such as cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer diseases. The large amount of polyphenol found in C. scolymus has an antioxidant activity, enabling it to neutralize free radicals, preventing cellular damage. This reduces the subsequent risk of developing conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, these polyphenols demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, which is closely associated with their antioxidant properties. As a result, C. scolymus has the potential to contribute to the treatment of chronic diseases, including intestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative pathologies. The current review discussed the nutritional profiles, potential benefits, and pharmacological effects of C. scolymus.

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Cynarin, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative in artichoke, inhibits exocytotic glutamate release from rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes)

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Gypenoside XVII Reduces Synaptic Glutamate Release and Protects against Excitotoxic Injury in Rats

Gypenoside XVII Reduces Synaptic Glutamate Release and Protects against Excitotoxic Injury in Rats

Exploring effect of herbal monomers in treating gouty arthritis based on nuclear factor-kappa B signaling: A review

Functional and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus in Health Benefits

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