Cynara cardunculus L. — a new fibre crop for pulp and paper production

Gominho, Jorge; Fernández, Jesús García; Pereira, Helena

doi:10.1016/s0926-6690(00)00044-3

Cited by 122 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Around 30 mg of MCyL sample was dissolved in 0.75 mL of DMSO-d 6 for the NMR analysis. Heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectra were recorded at 300 K on a Bruker AVANCE III 500 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Biospin, Fallanden, Switzerland), equipped with a cryogenically cooled 5 mm TCI gradient probe with inverse geometry (proton coils closest to the sample).…”

Section: D-nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The G-lignin units showed prominent signals for C 2 -H 2 correlations at δ C /δ H 110.8/6.96 and for C 5 -H 5 and C 6 -H 6 correlations (δ C /δ H 115.0/6.74 and 118.7/6.77). The S-lignin units showed a prominent signal corresponding to the C 2,6 -H 2,6 correlations at a δ C /δ H 103.7/6.68 in etherified S-units (S 2,6 ). Signals corresponding to C 2,6 -H 2,6 correlations in Cα-oxidized S-lignin units (S' 2,6 ) were observed at δ C /δ H 106.3/7.32 and 7.20.…”

Section: Lignin Structural Units and Interunit Linkages As Seen By 2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S-lignin units showed a prominent signal corresponding to the C 2,6 -H 2,6 correlations at a δ C /δ H 103.7/6.68 in etherified S-units (S 2,6 ). Signals corresponding to C 2,6 -H 2,6 correlations in Cα-oxidized S-lignin units (S' 2,6 ) were observed at δ C /δ H 106.3/7.32 and 7.20. Signals for H-lignin units were not observed in the HSQC spectrum, in agreement with the results obtained by Py-GC/MS.…”

Section: Lignin Structural Units and Interunit Linkages As Seen By 2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cardoon stalks have already been chemically characterized and comprised 5 to 11 % ash, 13 to 21 % extractives, 13 to 23 % total lignin, and around 53 % polysaccharides [4][5][6][7]. Lignin is the second major component of the cell wall matrix in cardoon in amounts similar to what occurs in other herbaceous plants, such as wheat straw, corn, switch grass, or Miscanthus, where it can represent from 18 to 25 % [8].The lignin provides mechanical support for the plant, waterproofs the cell wall, enables the transport of water and nutrients, and provides a barrier against microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

et al. 2015

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The lignin from Cynara cardunculus stalks was isolated by the classical Björkman method and characterized by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR), and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The milled Cynara lignin (MCyL) was constituted mainly by guaiacyl (G) and syringyl-units(S) (S/G molar ratio of 0.7), with the complete absence of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. The 2D-NMR analysis indicated a predominance of alkyl-aryl ether linkages (70 % of all inter unit linkages are β-O-4′) and significant amounts of condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (β-5′, 14 %), resinols (β-β′, 7 %), spirodienones (β-1′, 5 %), and dibenzodioxocins (5-5′, 4 %). Furthermore, the analyses indicated that the lignin is partially acylated at the γ-OH (12 % acylation) by acetate groups and that acetylation occurs preferentially on syringyl-units. As in other plants, acetylation occurs at the monomer stage, and sinapyl acetate behaves as a real lignin monomer participating in lignification in cardoon stalks. The detailed structural characterization of cardoon lignin reported here will foster the industrial use of this biomass for the production of biofuels and other bio-based chemicals under the lignocellulosic biorefinery.

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Section: D-nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignin Structural Units and Interunit Linkages As Seen By 2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignin Structural Units and Interunit Linkages As Seen By 2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

et al. 2015

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“…Also, artichoke and cardoon achenes are oil sources, and their biomass could be used for forage, paper pulp or biofuel (Maccarone et al, 1999;Gominho et al, 2000;Curt et al, 2002;Quilho et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) vs. sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers for Cynara cardunculus characterization

Casadevall¹,

Martín²,

Cravero³

2011

Span J Agric Res

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A little is known about the genetic variability present in globe artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoons. This knowledge is very important for efficient genetic resources utilization, and to gain a better understanding of genetic structure of this botanical varieties. With the aims to determine genetic distances between Cynara cardunculus accessions and to compare two molecular markers systems for their efficiency to differ between botanical varieties, a molecular characterization of sixteen accessions from different geographical origins was performed. Seven SSR and seven SRAP markers were used for varieties characterization and to calculate genetic distances between them. Both distance matrices were subjected to cluster analysis. Exclusive SSR alleles were found for globe artichoke and for wild cardoon, but non exclusive alleles were found for cultivated cardoon. For both markers systems two major groups were identified, one of them included mostly globe artichoke accessions and the other one grouped mainly cardoons. The differences observed in the sub-cluster conformation with each marker systems may be due to intrinsic characteristics of the markers. Concluding, both kind of molecular markers are valuable tools for studying genetic distances between C. cardunculus accessions although they give different information. Nevertheless, SSR electrophoretic profiles are simpler to score than SRAP markers because they consist of just a few bands. As well, bands are highly informative because of the great number of alleles existing in population and they are codominant markers. In addition, SSR's use would reduce time and costs.Additional key words: cardoon; genetic resources; genetic variability; globe artichoke. ResumenMarcadores SSR (simple sequence repeat) vs. SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) en la caracterización de Cynara cardunculus En la actualidad existe poca información acerca de la variabilidad genética presente en alcachofa y cardos (silvestres y cultivados). Conocer esta variabilidad es importante para utilizar eficientemente los recursos genéticos disponibles y comprender la estructura genética de estas variedades botánicas. Con el objetivo de determinar las distancias genéticas entre accesiones de Cynara cardunculus y comparar dos sistemas de marcadores moleculares en cuanto a su eficiencia para establecer diferencias entre las variedades, se realizó la caracterización molecular de 16 accesiones de diferentes orígenes geográficos. Para ello se utilizaron siete primers SSR y siete SRAP. Se calcularon las distancias genéticas y ambas matrices fueron sometidas a análisis de agrupamiento. Se encontraron alelos SSR exclusivos para alcachofa y cardo silvestre, pero no para cardo cultivado. El análisis de agrupamiento con ambos marcadores permitió identificar dos grandes grupos, el primero incluyó mayoritariamente accesiones de alcachofa mientras que el segundo agrupó a la mayoría de los cardos. Las diferencias observadas en la formación de sub-grupos con ambos sistemas se deberían a carac...

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Pulp and paper production from sugarcane bagasse

Rainey

Covey²

2016

Sugarcane‐Based Biofuels and Bioproducts

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Sugar (or more specifically sucrose) is one of the major food carbohydrate energy sources in the world. It is used as a sweetener, preservative, and colorant in baked and processed foods and beverages and is one of lowest cost energy sources for human metabolism. On an industrial scale, sucrose is produced from two major crops-sugarcane, grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and sugar beet, grown in more temperate climates. Sugarcane, however, accounts for the vast majority of global sugar production. For much of the history of sugarcane production, sugar was a scarce and highly valued commodity. Sugarcane processing focused on extracting sucrose as efficiently as possible for the lucrative markets in the United Kingdom and Europe. The potential for the production of alternative products from sugarcane, however, has long been recognized. The key process by-products including bagasse, molasses, mud, and ash have all been investigated as a basis for the production of alternative products (Rao 1997, Taupier and Bugallo 2000). Sugarcane is believed to have originated in southern Asia, and migrated in several waves following trade routes through the Pacific to Oceania and Hawaii and through India into Europe. Sugarcane was introduced and spread through the Americas following the expansion by British, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies in the 15th and 16th centuries (Barnes 1964). While various methods of juice extraction and sugar production have been used over centuries to produce sugar, substantial innovations in sugar chemistry and processing technologies throughout the 18th and 19th centuries have formed the basis of modern sugar production methods (Bruhns et al. 1998). Dramatic improvements in processing efficiency, sugar quality, and automation and control characterized sugar processing throughout the 20th century.

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Cynara cardunculus L. — a new fibre crop for pulp and paper production

Cited by 122 publications

References 4 publications

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) vs. sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers for Cynara cardunculus characterization

Pulp and paper production from sugarcane bagasse

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