Cylindrospermopsin is not degraded by co-occurring natural bacterial communities during a 40-day study

Wörmer, Lars; Cirés, Samuel; Carrasco, David; Quesada, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2007.07.004

Cited by 109 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The A. ovalisporum strains UAM 287, UAM 289, and UAM 290 were isolated as described previously (40). The remaining 28 Nostocales strains were isolated from field water samples that were left undisturbed at room temperature until a layer of floating cyanobacteria formed on the surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spain represents a good location for Nostocales research, as Nostocales were shown to be present in 30 water reservoirs and dominated in 16 out of 47 Spanish water reservoirs studied from 1999 to 2001 (39). Furthermore, nostocalean members either have been confirmed to be CYN producers (40) or are good candidates for the production of ATX (41) and PSP toxins (42) in Spanish freshwaters. Therefore, to provide new insight into the cyanotoxin production and phylogeography of planktonic Nostocales from Mediterranean Europe, 31 strains of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, and Cylindrospermopsis were isolated from 14 freshwater bodies in Spain and analyzed using a polyphasic approach, including (i) morphological characterization; (ii) analysis of ATX, CYN, MC, and PSP toxin production; (iii) screening of genes putatively involved in ATX, CYN, and STX biosynthesis; and (iv) phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the intergenic spacer (IGS) and flanking regions of the cpcB and cpcA genes of the phycocyanin operon (cpcBA-IGS).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogeography of Cylindrospermopsin and Paralytic Shellfish Toxin-Producing Nostocales Cyanobacteria from Mediterranean Europe (Spain)

Cirés

Wörmer

Ballot

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dPlanktonic Nostocales cyanobacteria represent a challenge for microbiological research because of the wide range of cyanotoxins that they synthesize and their invasive behavior, which is presumably enhanced by global warming. To gain insight into the phylogeography of potentially toxic Nostocales from Mediterranean Europe, 31 strains of Anabaena (Anabaena crassa, A. lemmermannii, A. mendotae, and A. planctonica), Aphanizomenon (Aphanizomenon gracile, A. ovalisporum), and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were isolated from 14 freshwater bodies in Spain and polyphasically analyzed for their phylogeography, cyanotoxin production, and the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthesis genes. The potent cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) was produced by all 6 Aphanizomenon ovalisporum strains at high levels (5.7 to 9.1 g CYN mg ؊1 [dry weight]) with low variation between strains (1.5 to 3.9-fold) and a marked extracellular release (19 to 41% dissolved CYN) during exponential growth. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) neurotoxins (saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, and decarbamoylsaxitoxin) were detected in 2 Aphanizomenon gracile strains, both containing the sxtA gene. This gene was also amplified in non-PSP toxin-producing Aphanizomenon gracile and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. Phylogenetic analyses supported the species identification and confirmed the high similarity of Spanish Anabaena and Aphanizomenon strains with other European strains. In contrast, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from Spain grouped together with American strains and was clearly separate from the rest of the European strains, raising questions about the current assumptions of the phylogeography and spreading routes of C. raciborskii. The present study confirms that the nostocalean genus Aphanizomenon is a major source of CYN and PSP toxins in Europe and demonstrates the presence of the sxtA gene in CYN-producing Aphanizomenon ovalisporum.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of Cylindrospermopsin and Paralytic Shellfish Toxin-Producing Nostocales Cyanobacteria from Mediterranean Europe (Spain)

Cirés

Wörmer

Ballot

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The decomposition of this toxin depended on the initial concentrations and lasted from 6 (at 300 μg l -1 ) to 7 and 8 days (at 10 and 100 μg l -1 ). However, in another study performed by Wörmer et al (2008), biodegradation of this toxin by the microbial community was not observed within 40 days. Chiswell et al (1999) showed that the toxin is stable at temperatures and pH values prevailing in the environment.…”

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…CYN in natural water samples studied by Chiswell et al (1999) under sunlight had a half-life of 11-15 days. The results obtained by Wörmer et al (2008) showed that photodegradation of CYN in natural conditions depends on the water depth. At a depth of 1 m, this toxin has been degraded by 10.8%, and the increase in depth of 4 m did not cause degradation.…”

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cylindrospermopsin: cyanobacterial secondary metabolite. Biological aspects and potential risk for human health and life

Adamski

Chrapusta

Bober

et al. 2014

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxin produced by several species of cyanobacteria, which occur all over the world. It was demonstrated that CYN has a wide spectrum of biological activity in animal cells, involving hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenic potential, and is considered as one of the factors that caused human poisoning in Palm Island (Australia) and in Caruaru (Brazil). This compound may be introduced into organism by several ways, including consumption of water, fishes and seafood as well as accidental swallowing or aerosol spray inhalation during recreational using of reservoirs covered by cyanobacterial blooms. The information about the CYN impact on environment and its degradation processes under natural conditions is scant. Taking this into consideration CYN should be regarded as a potential threat to human health and life. This review presents physicochemical characteristic and biological activity of CYN, occurrence in freshwaters and its sensitivity to the influence of some environmental factors.

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“…As the presence of phytoplankton in water, and thus the consumption of CO 2 via photosynthesis, will increase pH values, toxic blooms can be expected to occur mainly in waters with high pH. It should be noted that-at least in Spain-CYN has been observed only in basic bodies of water, namely Arcos reservoir and the pond in Parque de Juan Carlos I (Quesada et al 2006;Wormer et al 2008). Also the appearance of CYN-producing organisms in Shaw et al (1999) or Seifert et al (2007) is related to sites presenting pH values above 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in solid phase extraction of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin

Wörmer

Carrasco

Cirés

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Unlike other cyanotoxins, cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is often found in high concentrations in the extracellular fraction, possibly due to a higher release from the producing cells and a limited degradation once liberated. This fact demands effective recovery methods from environmental samples to guarantee a proper quantification. A reliable and simple solid phase extraction (SPE) method was obtained by the sole use of graphitized carbon cartridges and by paying special attention to both the selection of the most suitable solvent and the need of sample preparation prior to SPE. An acidified combination of dichloromethane and methanol not only showed best recoveries, but also allowed drastic reduction to the elution volumes needed with complete recovery being achieved in only 8 mL. Acidification of the sample and addition of sodium chloride are suggested as valuable improvements to the SPE method and turn out to be essential for correct and robust recovery of CYN in environmental samples of great diversity in terms of pH, DOC, and conductivity. Excellent behavior of the proposed method over a wide range of CYN loadings, applied sample volumes, and DOC loadings was also confirmed.

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Cylindrospermopsin is not degraded by co-occurring natural bacterial communities during a 40-day study

Cited by 109 publications

References 31 publications

Phylogeography of Cylindrospermopsin and Paralytic Shellfish Toxin-Producing Nostocales Cyanobacteria from Mediterranean Europe (Spain)

Phylogeography of Cylindrospermopsin and Paralytic Shellfish Toxin-Producing Nostocales Cyanobacteria from Mediterranean Europe (Spain)

Cylindrospermopsin: cyanobacterial secondary metabolite. Biological aspects and potential risk for human health and life

Advances in solid phase extraction of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin

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