CYFRA 21‐1 and ProGRP, tumor markers of lung cancer, are elevated in chronic renal failure patients

Abstract

Serum levels of CYFRA 21-1(cytokeratin-19 fragment) and ProGRP (pro-gastrin-releasing peptide), the new prognostic markers of lung cancer, were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay) in 27 (for CYFRA 21-1; male 13, female 14; age 54+/-17 years) or 22 (for ProGRP; male 9, female 13; age 59+/-18 years) patients with various serum creatinine levels, 42 haemodialysis (HD) patients (male 24, female 18; age 59+/-14 years) and 30 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (male 18, female 12; age 48+/-9 years). All the patients were without clinical and radiological signs of lung cancer. Positive correlations were found between serum creatinine and serum CYFRA 21-1 and ProGRP levels. Serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 were above the cutoff limit (3.5 ng/mL) in 57% of HD patients (mean 4.07+/-1.56 ng/mL) and in 73% of CAPD patients (mean 4.87+/-1.56 ng/mL). Serum levels of ProGRP were above the cutoff limit (46.0 pg/mL) in 90% of HD patients (mean 107.0+/-59.4 pg/mL) and in 93% of CAPD patients (mean 112.4+/-44.5 pg/mL). Our data indicate that evaluation of renal function is essential when the measurement of these tumor markers is to be applied as one of the diagnostic tools of lung cancer.

Clinicopathological findings of non-small-cell lung cancer with high serum progastrin-releasing peptide concentrations

“…Previous reports have suggested that renal failure can be a source of false-positive proGRP results [11,14], and serum proGRP concentrations were elevated in patients who had serum creatinine levels greater than 1.6 mg/dL [7,13,15]. Therefore, the elevation of serum proGRP detected in present study could be associated with renal dysfunction in the patients analyzed.…”

“…The sensitivity and specificity of serum proGRP as a tumor marker for SCLC is 60-70% and 96%, respectively [6]. Elevated serum pro-GRP concentrations have been observed in some NSCLC patients, especially LCNEC patients [6,7], suggesting that serum proGRP is a potentially good marker not only for SCLC but also for NSCLC with neuroendocrine features. However, the clinical and pathological characteristics of NSCLCs with elevated serum proGRP concentrations have not been well studied.…”

Effect of renal function and hemodialysis on the serum tumor markers in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Yet, Fillella et al [3,13,14] had shown that it did not have any difference compared with normal controls. Nakahama et al reported that the serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 in 57% of the patients on maintenance hemodialysis and 73% of the patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis were above the upper limit [15]. It was also not universally accepted that serum concentration of SCC-Ag and NSE were higher in dialysis patients than in the general populations [2,3,14].…”

Progastrin-Releasing Peptide: Stability in Plasma/Serum and Upper Reference Limit

“…The range of the covariates would Color version available online probably be quite similar in a set of SCLC patients, apart from creatinine concentrations, where it is plausible to expect that a subset of patients will have moderately reduced kidney function. Previous studies on the correlation between proGRP and creatinine showed higher proGRP concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure, suggesting that evaluation of renal function is important when proGRP is applied as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer [8,16,17] . A flat, age-independent, 97.5-percentile reference limit of 58.9 ng/l was calculated.…”