Cyclostationary Characterization of Radiated Emissions in Digital Electronic Devices

Abstract

Coupling and Emissions Under Cyclostationary Conditions For convenience, engineers often make the assumption that the statistical behaviour of signals remains constant in time (timeinvariant). However, as the complexity of modern systems increases and the simultaneous presence of several clocked sources of EMI, this assumption is not always valid. Cyclostationary signals have hidden periodicities in the way they transport electromagnetic energy. Cyclostationarity was first studied in connection with mechanical signals. Studying them in connection with EMC is used in identifying patterns of emission from specific areas of PCBs and therefore can assist in taking appropriate remedial actions. The paper by Kuznetsov et al presents an analysis of electrical signals through a process of statistical cyclic averaging to characterize the emission properties for EMC analysis and design. Experimental results are also presented in support of the theoretical analysis. In future issues of the EMC Magazine we will cover topics such as the Electrical Behavior of CFCs, Stochastic EMC Applications, and Lightning Characterization.

Estimation of a Spectral Correlation Function Using a Time-Smoothing Cyclic Periodogram and FFT Interpolation—2N-FFT Algorithm

“…Second-order cyclostationarity, or wide-sense cyclostationarity, appears to be the intrinsic property exhibited by processes generating signals belonging to different classes. Thus, there are plenty of examples where it was reasonably taken into account in many research fields and engineering applications, including communication signals with various modulation schemes [ 6 ], radio signals used in passive radars [ 7 , 8 ], electromagnetic measurements with near-field probes [ 9 , 10 ], spectral sensing in cognitive radio [ 11 ], mechanical vibration of rotary machines [ 12 , 13 ], radio astronomy [ 14 , 15 ], power analysis of electric circuits [ 16 ], generalized detection [ 17 , 18 ] under conditions of the least certainty, electromagnetic compatibility [ 19 , 20 ], detection of vital signs in radar response [ 21 , 22 ], drone navigation signals [ 23 ] and others.…”

Cyclostationary Crosstalk Cancelation in High-Speed Transmission Lines

“…The improvement of the transceiver structure may be produced by changing the criterion of the optimization criteria. The simulation or measurement data can be used not only for controlling eye diagrams but also for the review of the probability models [6][7][8][9]. Probability modeling of random processes can be performed by using measurement data.…”

Cyclostationary Approach to the Analysis of the Power in Electric Circuits under Periodic Excitations

“…In turns, the majority of these devices are assembled from a variety of electronic components, in which electric currents and voltages play the primary role in the description of phenomena at the physical level. For instance, one of the typical issues solved in the electromagnetic compatibility framework [1] is the detection of potential sources of interference, which may affect the stable work of the entire device or even neighboring devices. A traditional and easy to understand model describing the property of components can be built as an electric circuit being assembled from lumped elements only or lumped elements properly combined with parts of transmission lines.…”