Cyclospora infection linked to travel to Mexico, June to September 2015

Nichols, Gordon; Freedman, Joanne; Pollock, Kevin; Rumble, Caroline; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Chiodini, Peter L.; Hawkins, Gillian; Alexander, Claire L.; Godbole, Gauri; Williams, Christopher J.; Kirkbride, Hilary; Hamel, Meghan; Hawker, Jeremy

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2015.20.43.30048

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Water is important in agriculture and food production, and irrigation may be conducted with water that is not of potable quality. Where this is done for salad items and soft fruit that are eaten without further treatment, then outbreaks can occur [73,74]. Contaminated water used for washing and food processing can also cause outbreaks.…”

Section: Settings Other Than Drinking Water and The Range Of Water-rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

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Background: Water-related, including waterborne, diseases remain important sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The potential for changes in disease associated with predicted anthropogenic climate changes make water-related diseases a target for prevention. Methods: We provide an overview of evidence on potential future changes in water-related disease associated with climate change. Results: A number of pathogens are likely to present risks to public health, including cholera, typhoid, dysentery, leptospirosis, diarrhoeal diseases and harmful algal blooms (HABS). The risks are greatest where the climate effects drive population movements, conflict and disruption, and where drinking water supply infrastructure is poor. The quality of evidence for water-related disease has been documented. Conclusions: We highlight the need to maintain and develop timely surveillance and rapid epidemiological responses to outbreaks and emergence of new waterborne pathogens in all countries. While the main burden of waterborne diseases is in developing countries, there needs to be both technical and financial mechanisms to ensure adequate quantities of good quality water, sewage disposal and hygiene for all. This will be essential in preventing excess morbidity and mortality in areas that will suffer from substantial changes in climate in the future.Atmosphere 2018, 9, 385 2 of 60 which do not suffer the consequences of extreme events to the same extent [4]. Due to the lifetime of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the timescales associated with ocean warming, even if global CO 2 emissions were curtailed immediately, the effects on the earth's climate, including increasing temperatures and sea level rise would continue for a number of decades before starting to plateau [2]. However, this should be seen as a general call to action to reduce emissions as soon as possible, given that the impacts are likely to extend beyond current conditions and there are indications that economic investment now will be likely to reduce costs later [5]. There is also a need to develop adaptations to cope with changes in climate. Recent research highlighting the health benefits of limiting future temperature rises to the more ambitious target of 1.5 • C rather than 2 • C, in line with the Paris agreement of 2016, further emphasises the need to limit emissions [6].Climate change affects health in a number of ways, and the impacts vary both geographically and between different populations. A growing and ageing population in much of the world means that the proportion of the population who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change will increase in the future [7]. The most direct impacts from climate change are from the effects of high temperatures, and from acute impacts relating to extreme events such as storms, floods and heatwaves. These physical or meteorological stressors can produce direct health effects, such as physical injury, illness, or mental health impacts du...

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Section: Settings Other Than Drinking Water and The Range Of Water-rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

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“…Cyclosporiasis has been reported in Spain, France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Greece, United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australia (Shlim et al, 1991;Clarke et al, 1996;Drenaggi et al, 1998;Puente et al, 2006;Bourée et al, 2006Bourée et al, , 2007Ortega et al, 2010). Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have also been reported in travelers from Spain (Puente et al, 2006), Poland (Bednarska et al, 2015) and the United Kingdom (Nichols et al, 2015) (Table 2).…”

Section: Figure 1 Distribution Of Cyclosporiasis In Developing Regiomentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Young children, in the first five years of age, are more likely to develop clinical symptoms (Hoge et al, 1995;Madico et al, 1997;Sherchand et al 1999Sherchand et al , 2001Chacín-Bonilla et al, 2001;Bern et al, 2002). Among resident foreigners and expatriates, the disease is common (Clarke and McIntyre, 1996;Drenaggi et al, 1998;Shields et al, 2003a;Puente et al, 2006;Bourée et al, 2006Bourée et al, , 2007 and outbreaks have been reported (Shlim et al, 1991;Hoge et al, 1993;Rabold et al, 1994;Blans et al, 2005;Puente et al, 2006;Bednarska et al, 2015;Nichols, 2015) (Table 2). Among HIV-infected patients, Cyclospora is an important cause of diarrhea (Chacin-Bonilla, 2010).…”

Section: Population Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Chacín-Bonilla¹

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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“…For example, in the USA and Canada, 4250 cyclosporiasis cases have been linked to consumption of raspberries, blackberries, and strawberries [1]. In the UK, 43 cases of cyclosporiasis were linked to the consumption of fresh strawberries and raspberries [4]. At the farm level, the presence of C. cayetanensis in berries is directly associated with the presence of the parasite in soil [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Tool for Rapid Detection and Traceability of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Fresh Berries and Berry Farm Soils

Reséndiz-Nava

Orozco-Mosqueda

Mercado-Silva

et al. 2020

Foods

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Due to recent outbreaks of cyclosporiasis associated with consumption of fresh berries, producers are demanding modern microbiological tools for the rapid and accurate identification of the human pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis in berries and environmental samples. The aim of the present work was to develop a molecular tool based on a PCR approach for the rapid and accurate detection of C. cayetanensis. A nested PCR assay was validated for the amplification of a 294 bp size region of the 18S rRNA gene from C. cayetanensis. The limit of detection for the nested PCR assay was validated using 48 berry samples spiked with ~0, 10, 100, and 1000 oocyst per gram of sample. With this assay, it was possible to detect as few as 1 oocyst per gram of berry, in a 50 g sample. Sanger DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to confirm the presence of C. cayetanensis in berry (n = 17) and soil (n = 5) samples. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the C. cayetanensis sequences obtained from Mexico clustered within a group recovered from China, Peru, Guatemala-Haiti, and Japan. The PCR protocol designed in the present study could be an important tool for the rapid and accurate detection of this human pathogen in environmental and food samples.

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Cyclospora infection linked to travel to Mexico, June to September 2015

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Cyclospora cayetanensis

A Molecular Tool for Rapid Detection and Traceability of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Fresh Berries and Berry Farm Soils

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