Cyclophosphamide therapy in life-threatening vascular tumors

Malignant vascular tumors of liver in neonates

“…Chest radiograph showed several opacities in both the lungs fields suggestive of pulmonary metastases. A course of intravenous cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg per day for 3 consecutive days) [6] was not effective in controlling the hepatic and pulmonary lesions. She died of cardiac failure, respiratory insufficiency, and massive hemoptysis at the age of 3 months.…”

Successful Surgical Excision of a Complex Vascular Lesion in an Infant with Kasabach–Merritt Syndrome

“…Haisley‐Royster et al (31) retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness of vincristine in 14 patients with KM syndrome and found that all 14 patients demonstrated a decrease in size of the lesion and an improvement in clinical status. Cyclophosphamide hasbeen used for life‐threatening vascular tumors and appears to cause damage to the endothelial cells and act as an antimetabolic agent that decreases proliferation of new capillaries (32).…”

Ultrasound‐Guided Interstitial Nd: YAG Laser Treatment of Voluminous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations in 92 Patients

“…Radiotherapy of hemangiomas, 8,9 often chosen first in the past, is nowadays obsolete as a standard treatment because of the extensive influence on skeletal growth and the occurrence of radiogenic malignancies. Now it is employed only in very severe cases with life‐threatening complications, in combination with chemotherapy 10 and/or interferon therapy 11 …”

“…Many alternative treatment modalities for hemangioma therapy have been advocated. Conventional surgery, embolization, and steroid therapy are standard procedures in many hospitals, whereas chemotherapy 10 and interferon therapy 11 are reserved for more severe conditions. Over the past 15 years, laser therapy has found its place among the treatment strategies for vascular anomalies 12 .…”