Cyclophosphamide therapy in acute leukemia of childhood:Cooperative study conducted by members of children's cancer cooperative group A

Abstract

A controlled study of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) therapy in acute leukemia was conducted in 142 children in relapse to previous therapies. An oral regimen, using daily doses of 3mg/kg/day induced remission (complete or good partial) in 31.5% of the group; the intravenous regimen, using 15 mg/kg once weekly, induced similar remission in only 10.2% of the children so treated. All children who attained complete or partial remissions entered the study in a status of moderate disease while those in a more severe status of disease failed to attain satisfactory remissions to either regimen. Bone marrow remissions (A‐1 ratings) were attained in 27.5% of the group treated orally and in only 2.9% of those treated with the intravenous regimen. Leukopenia was the only significant hematologic sign of toxicity with either route of therapy. Signs of inflamation of the urinary tract occurred in approximately 10% of the patients. Nausea and vomiting were much more common with intravenous therapy. Cyclophosphamide, administered orally, is effective for the treatment of acute leukemia for children in early relapse but is not effective in patients in severe relapse to previous therapy.

The pediatric preclinical testing program: Description of models and early testing results

“…Use of intracranial tumor models in secondary testing (i.e., orthotopic implantation) would be required for any agent demonstrating significant activity against brain tumors in the initial Stage 1 testing. Consistent with clinical data 29–31, cyclophosphamide‐induced CRs or maintained CRs in each of seven ALL models.…”

Topotecan (Hycamptin) and Topotecan‐Containing Regimens in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies

“…Documented activity of the TPT-ara-C combination in MDS/CMML patients 18 and activity of cyclophosphamide in leukemia 35,36 along with preclinical data suggesting potential benefits of the combination of DNA-damaging agents with TPT 27,37 led to the design of the CAT regimen. When explored first in refractory/ resistant acute leukemias, it consisted of cyclophosphamide (C) 500 mg i.v.…”