Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Demonstrated in Pasteurella multocida-Vaccinated Chickens

The Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Treatment of Chicks: A Cell Depletion Model for the Study of Avian Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Natural Host Defenses

“…Cyclophosphamide has been used experimentally in poultry as an immunosuppressive agent (Lerman and Weidanz, 1970;Glick, 1971Glick, , 1986Linna et al, 1972;Rouse and Szenberg, 1974;Sharma and Lee, 1977;Nathanson et al, 1981;Fadly et al, 1985;Ficken and Barnes, 1988;Corrier et al, 1991). However, at the dosages used, CPA lacks specificity in birds because lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and heterophils have all been shown to be affected (Lerman and Weidanz, 1970;Glick, 1971Glick, , 1986Linna et al, 1972;Rouse and Szenberg, 1974;Sharma and Lee, 1977;Nathanson et al, 1981;Fadly et al, 1985;Ficken and Barnes, 1988). In mice, 5-FU at specific doses has been shown to have a dramatic and specific effect on the circulating neutrophil population (Moore and Warren, 1987;Shimamura et al, 1987;Mclntyre et al, 1989).…”

Effects of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens

“…Nevertheless, the reduced serological response in the birds in the four immunosuppressed groups, compared to those in the vaccinated-and-challenged group, reflected the adverse effect of immunosuppression with either IBDV or CAV on the immune response induced by vaccination with strain ts-304, as has been seen in previous studies investigating the effect of immunosuppression on protection provided by vaccination against other pathogens in chickens (Cloud et al, 1992;Nathanson et al, 1981;Spackman et al, 2018;Winterfield et al, 1978;Yan et al, 2011). The reduction in the serological response was more apparent in the two groups infected with IBDV than the two groups infected with CAV, suggesting, as might be expected, that IBDV had a greater suppressive effect on the humoral response to vaccination with ts-304 and to subsequent infection with wild-type M. gallisepticum.…”

“…Infection with immunosuppressive viruses can also reduce the efficacy of vaccination with live-attenuated vaccines by interfering with the development of protective immunity after vaccination (Whithear, 1996). The effect of immunosuppression on vaccinal immunity has been explored for several pathogens of chickens, including Pasteurella multocida (Nathanson et al, 1981), NCDV (Yan et al, 2011), IBV (Winterfield et al, 1978), highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (Spackman et al, 2018), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and fowlpox virus (Cloud et al, 1992). The effects of immunosuppression on the pathogenesis of disease caused by M. gallisepticum (Bao et al, 2020;Canter et al, 2019;Ganapathy and Bradbury, 2003) and on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment against M. gallisepticum (Xiao et al, 2016) have been investigated, but its effect on the protective immunity afforded by live attenuated M. gallisepticum vaccines has not been examined.…”

“…Two different approaches have been used to induce immunosuppression experimentally in chickensa chemical approach, using immunosuppressive agents such as hydrocortisone, cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine (Bao et al, 2020;Ganapathy and Bradbury, 2003;Nathanson et al, 1981;Xiao et al, 2016), and a biological approach, using infection with immunosuppressive viruses such as chicken anaemia virus (CAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or Marek's disease virus (MDV) (Canter et al, 2019;Gallardo et al, 2012;Mohammad Heidari and Dmitry Kireev, 2010;Subler et al, 2006). Chicken anaemia virus predominantly suppresses the cellmediated immune response of chickens (McConnell et al, 1993), while infectious bursal disease virus mainly suppresses the antibody-mediated immune response (Giambrone et al, 1977).…”

Studies on the immune response to Newcastle disease virus in poultry

“…Cyclophosphamide has been used experimentally as an immunosuppressant in numerous studies to determine some aspects of the immune response such as the role of cell mediated immunity in protection (Corner et al, 1991;Kibenge et al, 1987;Nathanson et al, 1980;Okoye et al, 1992). The susceptibility of B and T lymphocytes to CY has been studied Lerman and Weidanz, 1970).…”