Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic

Zhao, Xiaoyi; Weaver, Dan; Bognar, Kristof; Manney, G. L.; Millán, Luis; Yang, Xin; Eloranta, E. W.; Schneider, Mat­thias; Strong, Kimberly

doi:10.5194/acp-17-14955-2017

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Below are some specific parameters applied in this study for the Arctic SSA simulation, which are slightly different from previous runs. For instance, a full distribution of surface snow salinity taken from the Weddell Sea cruise data (Frey et al, 2019) is used, instead of a constant value (=0.3 psu, practical salinity unit) that was used in Legrand et al (2016) and Zhao et al (2017). For the Arctic, snow salinity is assumed to be 3.5 times the Weddell Sea salinity, rather than 2 times as used in https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-984 Preprint.…”

Section: P-tomcat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Arctic surface ozone: modelling vs measurements

Yang¹,

Blechschmidt²,

Bognar³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Within the framework of the International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA), we report a modelling-based study on surface ozone across the Arctic. We use surface ozone from six sites: Summit (Greenland), Pallas (Finland), Barrow (USA), Alert (Canada), Tiksi (Russia), and Villum Research Station (VRS) at Station Nord (North Greenland, Danish Realm), and ozonesonde data from three Canadian sites: Resolute, Eureka, and Alert. Two global chemistry models: a global chemistry transport model (p-TOMCAT) and a global chemistry climate model (UKCA), are used for model-data comparisons. Remotely sensed data of BrO from the GOME-2 satellite instrument and ground-based Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) at Eureka, Canada are used for model validation. The observed climatology data show that spring surface ozone at coastal sites is heavily depleted, making ozone seasonality at Arctic coastal sites distinctly different from that at inland sites. Model simulations show that surface ozone can be greatly reduced by bromine chemistry. In April, bromine chemistry can cause a net ozone loss (monthly mean) of 10&#8211;20&#8201;ppbv, with almost half attributable to open-ocean-sourced bromine and the rest to sea-ice-sourced bromine. However, the open-ocean-sourced bromine, via sea spray bromide depletion, cannot by itself produce ozone depletion events (ODEs) (defined as ozone volume mixing ratios VMRs&#8201;<&#8201;10&#8201;ppbv). In contrast, sea-ice-sourced bromine, via sea salt aerosol (SSA) production from blowing snow, can produce ODEs even without bromine from sea spray, highlighting the importance of sea ice surface in polar boundary layer chemistry. Model bromine is sensitive to model configuration, e.g., under the same bromine loading, the total inorganic bromine (BrY) in the Arctic spring boundary layer in the p-TOMCAT base run (i.e., with all bromine emissions) can be 2 times larger than that in the UKCA base run. Despite the model differences, both model base runs can successfully reproduce large bromine explosion events (BEEs) in polar spring. Model-integrated tropospheric column BrO generally matches GOME-2 tropospheric columns within ~50&#8201;% (in the UKCA base run) and factors of 2&#8211;3 (in the p-TOMCAT base run). The success of the models in reproducing both ODEs and BEEs in the Arctic indicates that the relevant parameterizations implemented in the models work reasonably well, which supports the proposed mechanism of SSA and bromine production from blowing snow on sea ice. Given that sea ice is a large source of SSA and halogens, changes in sea ice type and extent in a warming climate will influence Arctic boundary layer chemistry, including the oxidation of atmospheric elemental mercury.

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Section: P-tomcat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Arctic surface ozone: modelling vs measurements

Yang¹,

Blechschmidt²,

Bognar³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The end of the reactive bromine recycling season is also associated with rainfall (Burd et al, ). Other meteorological processes have also been shown to increase bromide conversion to BrO, such as high wind speeds (Choi et al, ; Jones et al, ; Zhao et al, ), surface inversions (Frieß et al, ; Koo et al, ; Peterson et al, ), conditions with high aerosol extinction (Frieβ et al, ), cold temperatures (Pöhler et al, ), and increased contact time between air masses and sea ice (Peterson et al, ; Simpson et al, ). There are potentially several physical and chemical processes that could explain these associations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic Reactive Bromine Events Occur in Two Distinct Sets of Environmental Conditions: A Statistical Analysis of 6 Years of Observations

et al. 2020

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Tropospheric bromine radicals in the Arctic efficiently remove ambient ozone and oxidize gaseous elemental mercury. Ground-based bromine monoxide (BrO) observations from the Arctic Ocean and Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow) are combined with Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis meteorological fields to determine how BrO varies with environmental conditions. The mean seasonal BrO abundance varies from year to year (p < 0.001), while regional variance in mean BrO is not statistically significant (p > 0.11). Principal component analysis derived three important principal components from the environmental data set. The third principal component explains the most variance in BrO and is correlated with low ozone and cold temperatures. This principal component is consistent with high BrO during ozone depletion events at cold temperatures and can work concurrently with each of the other two principal components to generate two distinct environmental types of high BrO events. The first principal component consists of a less-stable, thick, mixed layer and low atmospheric pressure and is consistent with observations of high BrO in low-pressure systems (e.g., storms). The second principal component consists of cold and stable conditions and is consistent with high BrO under surface-based temperature inversions. Our principal component regression model predicted the both the vertical column density of BrO in the lowest 2 km of the troposphere (R = 0.45) and the vertical column density of BrO in the lowest 200 m (R = 0.54). This statistical description of two types of reactive bromine events may help to harmonize space-based and ground-based observations.

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“…From October 2004, MERRA-2 assimilates ozone profiles and total column data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the OMI, respectively (Wargan et al, 2017). MERRA-2 column ozone data has been found to be of good quality when compared with satellite and ground-based observations (e.g., Rienecker et al, 2011;Wargan et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2017Zhao et al, , 2019. In this work, the MERRA-2 total column ozone (0.5° × 0.625°, version 5.12.4) with 1hour temporal resolution is used as an input in the third-party comparison model (see Section 4 for more details).…”

Section: Merra-2 Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The world Brewer reference triad – updated performance assessment and new double triad

Zhao¹,

Fioletov²,

Brohart³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The Brewer ozone spectrophotometer (the Brewer) was designed at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in the 1970s to make accurate automated total ozone column measurements. Since the 1980s, the Brewer has become a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) standard ozone monitoring instrument. Now, more than 230 Brewers have been produced. To assure the quality of the Brewer measurements, a calibration chain is maintained, i.e., first, the reference instruments are independently absolutely calibrated, and then the calibration is transferred from the reference instrument to the travelling standard, and subsequently from the travelling standard to field instruments. ECCC has maintained the world Brewer reference instruments since the 1980s to provide transferable calibration to field instruments at monitoring sites. Three single-monochromator (Mark II) type instruments (serial numbers #008, #014, and #015) formed this world Brewer reference triad (BrT), and started their service in Toronto, Canada in 1984. In the 1990s, the Mark III type Brewer (known as the double Brewer) was developed, which has two monochromators to reduce the internal instrumental stray light. The double Brewer world reference triad (BrT-D) was formed in 2013 (serial numbers #145, #187 and #191), co-located with the BrT. The first assessment of the BrT's performance was made in 2005, covering the period between 1984 and 2004 (Fioletov et al., 2005). The current work provides an updated assessment of the BrT's performance (from 1999 to 2019) and the first comprehensive assessment of the BrT-D. The random uncertainties of individual reference instruments are within the WMO/GAW requirement of 1 % (0.49 % and 0.42 % for BrT and BrT-D, respectively). The long-term stability of the reference instruments is also evaluated in terms of uncertainties of the key instrument characteristics: the extraterrestrial calibration constant (ETC) and effective ozone absorption coefficients (both having an effect of less than 2 % on total column ozone). Measurements from a ground-based instrument (Pandora spectrometer) and satellites (eleven datasets, including the most recent high-resolution satellite, TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), and reanalysis model (the second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, MERRA-2) are used to further assess the performance of world Brewer reference instruments and to provide a context for the requirements of stratospheric ozone observations during the last two decades.

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Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic

Cited by 17 publications

References 102 publications

Pan-Arctic surface ozone: modelling vs measurements

Pan-Arctic surface ozone: modelling vs measurements

Arctic Reactive Bromine Events Occur in Two Distinct Sets of Environmental Conditions: A Statistical Analysis of 6 Years of Observations

The world Brewer reference triad – updated performance assessment and new double triad

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