Cycloaspeptide A and Pseurotin A from the Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janczewskii

Abstract

Penicillium janczewskiiK. M. Zalessky was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the phloem of the Chilean gymnosperm Prumnopitys andina. When grown in liquid yeast extractmalt extract-glucose broth, the fungus produced two main secondary metabolites. The compounds were for the first time isolated from this species and identified by spectroscopic methods as pseurotin A and cycloaspeptide A. This is the first report on the production of cyclic peptides by endophytic fungi from Chilean gymnosperms. Pseurotin A and cycloaspeptide A presented low cytotoxicity towards human lung fibroblasts with IC50 ≥ 1000 μm. Pseurotin A showed a moderate effect against the phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas syringae, with IC50 values of 220 and 112 μg ml-1, respectively.

Season and Tissue Type Affect Fungal Endophyte Communities of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia More Strongly than Geographic Location

“…Endophytic Penicilllium spp. are well known to produce a plethora of secondary metabolites with antibiotic (bactericidal, fungicidal, or insecticidal) and/or cytotoxic, anticancer activity [29,52,69]. Some endophytic Penicillium species also produce plant growth hormones such as gibberellins [25,35].…”

Analysis of the Aspergillus fumigatus Proteome Reveals Metabolic Changes and the Activation of the Pseurotin A Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Response to Hypoxia

“…It is conceivable that the production of pseurotin A could contribute to the survival of A. fumigatus in hypoxic microenvironments in the soil,(70) where it could act against competitors like nematodes and microbes. 40,71,72 A demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against lung fibroblasts(72) and the capacity to inhibit IgE production(40) indicate a possible role of pseurotin A in the pathogenicity of A. fumigatus in mammals.…”

Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Penicillium sp.1 and sp.2, Two Endophytes Associated with Alibertia macrophylla (Rubiaceae)

“…Terrestrial-derived microfungi have been the sources of several novel and pharmacologically active compounds over decades (Hormazabal et al, 2005;Schmeda-Hirschmann et al, 2008;Takahashi and Lucas, 2008). In this context, endophytes belonging to the Penicillium genus have been recognized as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites (Fill et al, 2007).…”