Cycloaddition Reaction of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides Catalyzed by Polymer‐Supported Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

Abstract

Polymer-supported quaternary phosphonium salt (PS-QPS) was explored as effective catalyst for the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxides. The results indicated that cyclic carbonates with high yields (98.6%) and excellent selectivity (100%) could be prepared at the conditions of 5 MPa CO2, 150°C, and 6 h without the addition of organic solvents or cocatalysts. The effects of various reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were investigated in detail. The catalyst is applicable to a variety of epoxides, producing the corresponding cyclic carbonates in good yields. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered easily and reused for five times without loss of catalytic activity obviously. A proposed mechanism for synthesis of cyclic carbonate in the presence of PS-QPS was discussed. The catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. It is believed that PS-QPS is of great potential for CO2fixation applications due to its unusual advantages, such as easy preparation, high activity and selectivity, stability, low cost, and reusability.

Hydrogensulphate ionic liquids as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides

“…This fact was attributed to the presence of an electron‐withdrawing chloromethyl group in the structure of epichlorohydrin, which resulted in easy ring‐opening of epoxide by nucleophilic attack. This phenomenon was also observed by Xiong et al Propylene carbonate was obtained with a comparably high yield (93%) as in the case of the synthesis of 4‐(chloromethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one. In turn, styrene oxide is less reactive than propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin which can be caused by the lower reactivity of the intermediate following the transition state describing the ring‐opening of epoxide by nucleophilic attack as postulated by Bo et al based on DFT studies .…”

Efficient heterogeneous functionalized polymer ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of ethylene carbonate via the coupling of carbon dioxide with ethylene oxide

“…However, the further increasing amount of the catalyst declined EO conversion rate and EC selectivity, which is because that the excess catalyst could not be well dispersed in the reaction mixture and limited the mass transfer between the active sites and reactants. 26,27 Consequently, the optimal catalyst amount is about 9%. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of some parameters on the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous functionalized PIL catalyst.…”

Greener synthesis of 1,2-butylene carbonate from CO2 using graphene-inorganic nanocomposite catalyst

“…As a result, selectivity increased rapidly from 58% to 76%, however, beyond 75 bar there were further increase in BO conversion but the yield of BC dropped slightly. This can be explained by the pressure effect on the concentrations of CO2 and epoxide in the reaction [51]. Furthermore, the drop in yield could also be attributed to the form of by-products such as oligomers and isomers which were below the detection limit of GC-FID used in the analysis and therefore yields of the by-products were not calculated.…”