Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and hormone receptor status in breast cancer

McCarthy, Kathryn; Bustin, Stephen A.; Ogunkolade, B; Khalaf, S; Laban, C; McVittie, C; Carpenter, R.; Jenkins, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2006.02.024

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[6,7,38] However, these significant correlations were not shown in the studies reporting very high rate of COX-2 over-expression exceeding 80%, [40,42,43] so that almost all the patients, whether of low or high stage, had COX-2 over-expression. Similar to other investigators, [7,8,36,37,42] we failed to show significant correlations between COX-2 over-expression and ER negativity, Her2/neu over-expression, higher tumor grade or patients' age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Survival effects of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipooxygenase in Egyptian women with operable breast cancer

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND:Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest among women in Egypt as well as in many other countries. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 12-lipo-oxygenase (12-LOX) are over-expressed in 30-40% of patients and carry a poor prognosis. The objectives of this study were to correlate COX-2 and 12-LOX expression with various clinico-pathologic patients' characteristics and their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in Egyptian women with operable BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 57 consecutive BC cases presenting to the Egyptian National Cancer Institute. Sections from BC and nearby normal tissues were examined for expression of COX-2 and 12-LOX using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 45 years. Fifty-three percent were premenopausal. Stage II and III disease represented 25 and 75% respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and tamoxifen were used in 90, 75 and 60% respectively. Sixty percent had hormone-receptor positive tumors and 28% over-expressed HER2/neu. Forty-nine and sixty-five percent showed over-expression of COX-2 and 12-LOX respectively. Patients with higher TNM stage or who developed visceral metastases had significantly higher COX-2 expression. For the whole group of patients, the median DFS was 37 months, while the median OS was not reached. OS or DFS did not differ significantly between patients with normal and over-expression of COX-2. DFS but not OS was significantly higher in 12-LOX over-expression compared to normal expression. CONCLUSION: COX-2 over-expression was associated with poor prognostic criteria in BC, but did not affect DFS or OS. 12-LOX over-expression was associated with better DFS, but not OS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, other authors reported very high COX-2 expression up to 80% or more. [39][40][41][42][43] The reason for this variation is unknown and may be related to racial variation or different methodologies (IHC, RT-PCR or Microarray).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival effects of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipooxygenase in Egyptian women with operable breast cancer

et al. 2009

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“…In addition, data indicate that COX-2 is involved in numerous inflammatory processes and is induced in various carcinomas, suggesting that COX-2 plays a key role in inflammation and tumorigenesis (Hla et al, 1993;Mestre et al, 1999). COX-2 is produced by the majority of tumors with invasive characteristics, regardless of their hormone receptor status (McCarthy et al, 2006), and may play a greater role in breast tumor development and progression than previously believed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Upregulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by 4-Nonylphenol is Mediated Through the Cyclic Amp Response Element Activation Pathway

Han

Hwang

Kim

et al. 2010

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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The organic compound nonylphenol (NP) belongs to the family of alkylphenols and is a product of industrial synthesis formed during phenol alkylation. Nonylphenol is considered to be an endocrine disruptor due to weak ability to mimic estrogen and subsequently to disrupt the natural balance of hormones in a given organism. Since the endocrine and immune systems share portions of common signaling pathways, it is conceivable that NP may also affect immune system functions. However, the influence of NP on inflammation and macrophages responsiveness to NP is unclear. Thus, the effects of NP were investigated on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in cultured macrophages. NP induced COX-2 protein and gene expression in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and enhanced COX-2 promoter activity and prostaglandin E(2) production. Transfection of RAW264.7 cells with hCOX-2 or various deletion and mutation promoter constructs revealed that the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) was the predominant mediator responsive to NP-induced effects. Moreover, transfection with pCRE-Luc plasmid followed by immunoblotting demonstrated that NP activated CRE sites and CRE binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. NP also increased nuclear CREB accumulation and CREB binding to the COX-2 promoter. Phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase, Akt, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) p38 and JNK were also significantly activated by NP. Our data demonstrate that NP induces COX-2 expression through the PI3-kinase/Akt/MAP kinases/CRE pathway. These findings provide insight into the signal transduction pathways involved in the inflammatory responses induced by NP in macrophages.

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“…Further evidence for a relation between COX-2 and ER status has been presented previously by Wulfing et al and in another study by Marques et al who reported an inverse relationship between COX-2 activity and ER content of breast cancer tissue [3,4]. The mechanisms for this relationship remains obscure, yet the interrelation of COX-2, PGE2 and aromatase activity appear to play a major role in all phases of carcinogenesis in mammary tissue through paracrine, autocrine, and intracrine pathways [5].…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Although the consistency of these findings from a human tissue micro-array study [3], a mRNA expression study in human malignant mammary tissue [4] , a genetic association study on human breast cancer [2] and a study including feline mammary carcinomas [1] is impressive. Taken together, we believe that these data emphasize the relevance of COX-2 as a biological marker in breast cancer.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 89%

COX-2 expression in canine and feline invasive mammary carcinomas: correlation with clinicopathological features and prognostic for molecular markers

Langsenlehner

Gerger

Weitzer

et al. 2006

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and hormone receptor status in breast cancer

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Survival effects of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipooxygenase in Egyptian women with operable breast cancer

Survival effects of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipooxygenase in Egyptian women with operable breast cancer

Upregulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by 4-Nonylphenol is Mediated Through the Cyclic Amp Response Element Activation Pathway

COX-2 expression in canine and feline invasive mammary carcinomas: correlation with clinicopathological features and prognostic for molecular markers

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