Cycling of organic and inorganic sulphur in a chestnut oak forest

Johnson, Dale W.; Henderson, Gray S.; Huff, D.D.; Lindbeŕg, Steven E.; Richter, Daniel D.; Shriner, D.S.; Todd, D. E.; Turner, John

doi:10.1007/bf00378385

Cited by 78 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, we do not know if this 'deficiency' applies to the sweetgum stand studied here at this stage of stand development. The N increments in these stands (16-18 kg ha À1 year À1 ) approximately equal atmospheric N deposition (12-15 kg ha À1 year À1 ), as is the case in nearby Walker Branch Watershed (Johnson et al 1982). (We note that atmospheric N deposition rates measured here were somewhat higher than the value of 10 kg ha À1 year À1 measured with much more sophistication at a nearby Pinus taeda L. stand during 1985-1988Johnson and Lindberg 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Reasons for the reduced soil solution SO 2À 4 with elevated CO 2 are not clear. Although we do not have uptake data, but we do not feel that uptake was a major factor, based on previous research which has shown that S uptake is generally much lower than leaching in forests of this area (Johnson et al 1982). Soil solution pH differences do not explain the differences in soil solution SO 2À 4 , either: the greater soil solution pH with elevated CO 2 would be expected to cause higher soil solution SO 2À 4 (and perhaps also ortho-P) concentrations because of desorption from soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of elevated CO₂on nutrient cycling in a sweetgum plantation

Johnson¹,

Cheng²,

Joslin³

et al. 2004

Biogeochemistry

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101

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Abstract. The effects of elevated CO 2 on nutrient cycling and selected belowground processes in the closed-canopy sweetgum plantation were assessed as part of a free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. We hypothesized that nitrogen (N) constraints to growth response to elevated CO 2 would be mitigated primarily by reduced tissue concentrations (resulting in increased biomass production per unit uptake) rather than increased uptake. Conversely, we hypothesized that the constraints of other nutrients to growth response to elevated CO 2 would be mitigated primarily by increased uptake because of adequate soil supplies. The first hypothesis was not supported: although elevated CO 2 caused reduced foliar N concentrations, it also resulted in increased uptake and requirement of N, primarily because of greater root turnover. The additional N uptake with elevated CO 2 constituted between 10 and 40% of the estimated soil mineralizeable N pool. The second hypothesis was largely supported: elevated CO 2 had no significant effects on tissue concentrations of P, K, Ca, or Mg and caused significantly increased uptake and requirement of K, Ca, and Mg. Soil exchangeable pools of these nutrients are large and should pose no constraint to continued growth responses. Elevated CO 2 also caused increased microbial biomass, reduced N leaching and increased P leaching from O horizons (measured by resin lysimeters), reduced soil solution NH þ 4 , SO 2À 4 , and Ca 2þ concentrations, and increased soil solution pH. There were no statistically significant treatment effects on soil nutrient availability as measured by resin capsules, resin stakes, or in situ incubations. Despite significantly lower litterfall N concentrations in the elevated CO 2 treatment, there were no significant treatment effects on translocation or forest floor biomass or nutrient contents. There were also no significant treatment effects on the rate of decomposition of fine roots. In general, the effects of elevated CO 2 on nutrient cycling in this study were not large; future constraints on growth responses imposed by N limitations will depend on changes in N demand, atmospheric N deposition, and soil mineralization rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of elevated CO₂on nutrient cycling in a sweetgum plantation

Johnson¹,

Cheng²,

Joslin³

et al. 2004

Biogeochemistry

Self Cite

101

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“…Adsorption is an important mechanism of sulphate retention in soils rich in iron and aluminium hydrous oxides (Johnson et al, 1982); however, adsorbed sulphate generally comprises less than 30% of the total sulphur pool in soils located north of the most recent continental glaciation (Rochelle et al, 1987;Mitchell et al, 1992;Houle and Carignan, 1995). Precipitation of aluminium hydroxy sulphate minerals may also be an important means of sulphate retention in extremely acidic soils subject to high levels of sulphur input (Khanna et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term (18‐year) changes in sulphate concentrations in two Ontario headwater lakes and their inflows in response to decreasing deposition and climate variations

Eimers

Dillon

Watmough

2004

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Sulphate concentrations in two headwater lakes and their major inflows were evaluated over an 18 year period (1980-81 to 1997-98) during which time sulphate bulk deposition declined by approximately 40%. The two lake catchments represent either end of the spectrum of acid sensitivity in the Muskoka-Haliburton region of Ontario. Between 1980 and 1998, sulphate concentrations in Harp and Plastic Lakes decreased, but the decrease was much less than expected (28% and 21% respectively) given the magnitude of change in deposition. Sulphate export in streams draining into the lakes greatly exceeded sulphate input to catchments in most years, which quantitatively explains the response of lake-sulphate concentration. Furthermore, temporal patterns in mean annual sulphate concentrations in streams were similar, and appeared to be related to climate factors. Specifically, catchment export of sulphate was greater and stream-sulphate concentrations were higher in years that had warm, dry summers, i.e. when streamflow in many catchments ceased for up to several weeks. Increased sulphate export from catchments resulted in higher sulphate concentrations in lakes, but the response of lake sulphate was not as immediate or dramatic as the response of stream sulphate to changes in catchment dryness. Factors that affect sulphate retention or export in catchments exert a strong influence on sulphate concentrations in lakes and streams and need to be considered when evaluating the response of surface water chemistry to changes in sulphate deposition.

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“…6 ' 8 " 10 Abiotic adsorption has been thought to be the primary mechanism for sulfate retention in some forest soils. 5 ' 8 ' 11 Most forest soil sulfur is found in the organic constituents ester sulfate and C-bonded S 6 ' 12 however, suggesting that transformations involving this large pool of organic sulfur may also regulate sulfate flux. Recent laboratory and soil column work has indicated that sulfate is immobilized into organic sulfur forms very quickly and in large quantities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Many factors other than acidic deposition influence sulfate flux, however. Sulfur transformations such as adsorption/desorption and mineralization/immobilization strongly regulate sulfate cycling through forest systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%