Cyclidium porcatum n. sp.: a Free-living anaerobic scuticociliate containing a stable complex of hydrogenosomes, eubacteria and archaeobacteria

Kj, Clarke; Bj, Finlay; Esteban, Genoveva F.; Be, Guhl; Tm, Embley

doi:10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80281-6

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result is also in line with the observation of Fenchel & Finlay [50] who already reported the presence in genus Sonderia of non-methanogenic endosymbionts as notable exception among free-living ciliates bearing hydrogenosomes. Associations between hydrogenosomes and non-methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic ciliates were also reported by Finlay et al [71] from a sulphide-rich solution lake in Spain, and by Clarke et al [72] in the scuticociliate Cyclidium porcatum , which contains organized complexes of three different components: hydrogenosomes, methanogenic bacteria, and non-methanogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the ciliate Sonderia vorax with insights into the systematics of order Plagiopylida

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCiliates of the family Sonderiidae are common members of the eukaryotic communities in various anoxic environments. They host both ecto- and endosymbiotic prokaryotes (the latter associated with hydrogenosomes) and possess peculiar morpho-ultrastructural features, whose functions and homologies are not known. Their phylogenetic relationships with other ciliates are not completely resolved and the available literature, especially concerning electron microscopy and molecular studies, is quite scarce.ResultsSonderia vorax Kahl, 1928 is redescribed from an oxygen-deficient, brackish-water pond along the Ligurian Sea coastlines of Italy. Data on morphology, morphometry, and ultrastructure are reported. S. vorax is ovoid-ellipsoid in shape, dorsoventrally flattened, 130 x 69 μm (mean in vivo); it shows an almost spherical macronucleus, and one relatively large micronucleus. The ventral kinetom has a “secant system” including fronto-ventral and fronto-lateral kineties. A distinctive layer of bacteria laying between kineties covers the ciliate surface. Two types of extrusomes and hydrogenosomes-endosymbiotic bacteria assemblages are present in the cytoplasm. The phylogeny based on 18S rRNA gene sequences places S. vorax among Plagiopylida; Sonderiidae clusters with Plagiopylidae, although lower-level relationships remain uncertain. The studied population is fixed as neotype and the ciliate is established as type species of the genus, currently lacking.ConclusionsThis is the first description of a representative of Sonderiidae performed with both morphological and molecular data. To sum up, many previous hypotheses on this interesting, poorly known taxon are confirmed but confusion and contradictory data are as well highlighted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the ciliate Sonderia vorax with insights into the systematics of order Plagiopylida

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the plagiopylid-like sequences were affiliated to the hydrogenosome-bearing genera Trimyema and Epalxella, described from submarine hydrothermal vents and a meromictic alpine lake (Baumgartner et al 2002;Stoeck et al 2007). The Cyclidiumrelated phylotypes clustered together with the anaerobic Cyclidium porcatum (Clarke et al 1993;Guggiari and Peck 2008) and with other environmental sequences originating from anoxic habitats (e.g. Framvaren Fjord, Cariaco Basin).…”

Section: Black Seamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The Cyclidium ‐related phylotypes clustered together with the anaerobic Cyclidium porcatum (Clarke et al. ; Guggiari and Peck ) and with other environmental sequences originating from anoxic habitats (e.g. Framvaren Fjord, Cariaco Basin).…”

Section: Black Seamentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ciliates along Oxyclines of Permanently Stratified Marine Water Columns

Edgcomb

Pachiadaki

2014

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anaerobic ciliates often harbour methanogenic archaeans in close connection to their hydrogenosomes, and Eubacteria without connections to the hydrogenosomes [48,49]. C. balthica clearly does not possess hydrogenosomes and its endobionts are of bacterial nature as recognizable by the second enveloping membrane instead of a cell wall like archaeans (Figure 5D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically relevant choanoflagellates collected from hypoxic water masses of the Baltic Sea have untypical mitochondrial cristae

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundProtist communities inhabiting oxygen depleted waters have so far been characterized through both microscopical observations and sequence based techniques. However, the lack of cultures for abundant taxa severely hampers our knowledge on the morphology, ecology and energy metabolism of hypoxic protists. Cultivation of such protists has been unsuccessful in most cases, and has never yet succeeded for choanoflagellates, even though these small bacterivorous flagellates are known to be ecologically relevant components of aquatic protist communities.ResultsQuantitative data for choanoflagellates and the vertical distribution of Codosiga spp. at Gotland and Landsort Deep (Baltic Sea) indicate its preference for oxygen-depleted zones. Strains isolated and cultivated from these habitats revealed ultrastructural peculiarities such as mitochondria showing tubular cristae never seen before for choanoflagellates, and the first observation of intracellular prokaryotes in choanoflagellates. Analysis of their partial 28S rRNA gene sequence complements the description of two new species, Codosiga minima n. sp. and C. balthica n. sp. These are closely related with but well separated from C. gracilis (C. balthica and C. minima p-distance to C. gracilis 4.8% and 11.6%, respectively). In phylogenetic analyses the 18S rRNA gene sequences branch off together with environmental sequences from hypoxic habitats resulting in a wide cluster of hypoxic Codosiga relatives so far only known from environmental sequencing approaches.ConclusionsHere, we establish the morphological and ultrastructural identity of an environmental choanoflagellate lineage. Data from microscopical observations, supplemented by findings from previous culture-independent methods, indicate that C. balthica is likely an ecologically relevant player of Baltic Sea hypoxic waters. The possession of derived mitochondria could be an adaptation to life in hypoxic environments periodically influenced by small-scale mixing events and changing oxygen content allowing the reduction of oxygen consuming components. In view of the intricacy of isolating and cultivating choanoflagellates, the two new cultured species represent an important advance to the understanding of the ecology of this group, and mechanisms of adaptations to hypoxia in protists in general.

show abstract

Cyclidium porcatum n. sp.: a Free-living anaerobic scuticociliate containing a stable complex of hydrogenosomes, eubacteria and archaeobacteria

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the ciliate Sonderia vorax with insights into the systematics of order Plagiopylida

Morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the ciliate Sonderia vorax with insights into the systematics of order Plagiopylida

Ciliates along Oxyclines of Permanently Stratified Marine Water Columns

Ecologically relevant choanoflagellates collected from hypoxic water masses of the Baltic Sea have untypical mitochondrial cristae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About