Cyclical accumulation of uterine fluid in mares with lowered resistance to endometritis

Allen, W. Edward; Pycock, Jonathan F.

doi:10.1136/vr.122.20.489

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Mares that fail to clear a mating-induced inflammation from the uterus develop a persistent endometritis. An impaired physical clearance has been demonstrated in mares with increased susceptibility to persistent endometritis (Evans et al, 1987;Allen and Pycock, 1988;Troedsson and Liu, 1991;LeBlanc et al, 7994a).lt has also been shown that delayed uterine clearance in these mares is due to an impaired myometrial activity in response to inflammation (Troedsson et al, 1993b). In contrast to the transient post mating endometritis, persistent mating-induced endometritis has severe consequences for the fertility of affected mares.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Mating-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Uterine defense mechanisms: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are present in the uterine lumen within 30 minutes after mating (Katila,7995). Both bacterta and spermatozoa stimulate PMN-chemotaxis into the uterus (B/ue et al, 1984;Pycock and Allen, 1988;Troedsson et al, 1993a;Troedsson et al, 1995a) . Several mediators, including ?GFza are released during the course of the inflammation (Schalm, 1986).…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Mating-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic considerations for mating-induced endometritis

Troedsson¹

1997

PHK

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SummaryA transient mating-induced endometritis is most likely physiological in the mare, serving to remove excess spermatozoa, seminal plasma, and contaminants from the uterus. However, the inflammatory reaction has to be resolved and inflammatory products cleared from the uterus prior to embryonal descent into the uterine lumen. Mares that fail to clear a semen-induced inflammation from the uterus develop a persistent mating-induced endometritis which may result in infedility. lf susceptibility to persistent mating-induced endometritis is suspected, the mare should be monitored by transrectal ultrasonography for intrauterine fluid accumulation at 6-1 2 hours intervals after breeding. Treatment should be aimed at assisting the uterus to physically clear contaminants and inflammatory products. Post-mating uterine lavage and/or the use of uterotonic drugs are recommended aI 6 12 hours after breeding in mares susceptible to persistent endometritis. Endometritis is a major cause of subfertility in the mare and has a significant economic impact on the equine industry (Dimmock 1939; Collins, 1964;Bain, 1966;Hughes et al., 1966;Ricketts 1975; Gordon and Sarlin, 1978;Kenney, 1978; Doig et al., 1981; de la Conch-Bermejillo and Kennedy, 1982;Traub-Dargatz et al., 7997J. Based on the current understandjng of its etiology and pathophysiology, endometritis should be considered as a multifactorial disease with at least four different causes: (1) sexually transmitted diseases, (2) chronic infectious endometritis, (3) persisting mating-induced endometritis, and (4) endometrosis (chronic degenerative endometritis). Sexually transmitted diseases and chronic infectious endometritis are often diagnosed first after the invading microorganism already has adhered to the endometrial epithelium and started its replication in the uterus. Similar to infectious diseases in other organ systems, infections in the female reproductive tract (sexually transmitted endometritis and chronic infectious endometritis) are most effectively treated with an appropriate antic t o microbial. In contrast to infectious endometritis, matinginduced endometritis has a known starting point and treatment can therefore, be initiated before the infection or inflammation has established itself in the endometrium. This report will review the therapeutic aspects and pathophysiology (as it relates to therapy) of mating-induced endometriti s . Pathophysiology of mating-induced endometritisRegardless of if mares are bred by natural service or by artificial insemination, semen is deposited directly into the uterus. This provides an excellent oppodunity for uterine contamination with bacteria. In addition, recent reporls have shown that soermatozoa without bacterial contamination induce an uterine inflammatory response (Kotilainen et al., 1994; Troedsson, 1995; Troedsson et al., 7995a). RaIher than considering a transient post-mating endometritis as a pathological condition, mating-induced endometritis isPferdeheilkunde 13

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Mating-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Mating-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic considerations for mating-induced endometritis

Troedsson¹

1997

PHK

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“…Susceptibility to persistent mating-induced endometritis (PMIE) is defined as the inability of the estrous mare to clear intraluminal fluid accumulation within 12 to 48 hours after breeding. 80,81 The incidence of intrauterine fluid 1 to 2 days after natural breeding has been reported to be between 15% and 43% in the general mare population, with pregnancy rates being significantly lower in these mares. 23,78 Not only has evacuation of the uterus after mating been shown to be defective in mares with PMIE, but sperm transport to the oviduct is also affected.…”

Section: Persistent Mating-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation of the Tubular Reproductive Tract of the Mare

Wolfsdorf¹,

Caudle²

2007

Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology

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“…sperm capacitation and development of the fertilized ova and components of the intrauterine defence mechanisms, such as immunoglobulins ( Tunón et al 1998). Excessive accumulation of this fluid is often reported as a clinical finding in infertility cases ( Allen and Pycock 1988). To what extent this fluid consists of secretion from the uterine glands or is mainly due to transudation, is yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray Microanalysis of the Secretory Epithelium of the Endometrial Glands and Intraluminal Uterine Fluid in Oestrus Mares

Am¹,

Ekwall

Nummijärvi

et al. 2000

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents X‐ray microanalysis was used to determine the occurrence of transudation as a source of intrauterine fluid in mares during oestrus. The content of some selected elements was studied in secretory vesicles of the epithelium of endometrial glands and in intraluminal fluid of healthy mares of varying age and parity. An in situ cotton tampon was used to absorb intrauterine fluid from 23 gynaecologically healthy mares during oestrus. Immediately after tampon withdrawal, endometrial tissue for biopsy was removed from the uterine body/horn junction while videoendoscopy was performed. The tissue specimens were frozen ultra‐rapidly against a copper surface chilled with liquid N2. X‐ray microanalysis of frozen fully hydrated endometrial samples and of microdroplets of intraluminal fluid (n = 20) was performed, using a SEM microscope equipped with a cryo‐stage and an X‐ray microanalysis system. The concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) in the epithelium of endometrial glands and in intraluminal fluid were compared with those in serum. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of all analysed elements between the secretory gland epithelium and the intraluminal fluid apart from S. The major elements in glandular epithelium were K and P. Although there was a significant difference in the concentrations of Na, Cl, S and Ca between the uterine fluid and serum, there was still a conspicuous resemblance in the relationship between the different elements in uterine fluid and serum, with Na and Cl being the dominant elements. Sulphur and especially Ca were present only in small amounts throughout. Neither age nor parity affected the elemental concentrations of Na, K, Cl, S, P and Ca in gland epithelium, uterine fluid or serum. It was concluded that serum transudation contributes to a great extent to the composition of uterine fluid, having a diluting effect upon the specific secretion of the uterine glands.

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Cyclical accumulation of uterine fluid in mares with lowered resistance to endometritis

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Therapeutic considerations for mating-induced endometritis

Therapeutic considerations for mating-induced endometritis

Inflammation of the Tubular Reproductive Tract of the Mare

X‐ray Microanalysis of the Secretory Epithelium of the Endometrial Glands and Intraluminal Uterine Fluid in Oestrus Mares

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