Cyclic β-1,2-glucan is a brucella virulence factor required for intracellular survival

Arellano-Reynoso, Beatriz; Lapaque, Nicolas; Salcedo, Suzana P.; Briones, Gabriel; Ciocchini, Andrés E.; Ugalde, Rodolfo A.; Moreno, Edgardo; Moriyón, Ignacio; Gorvel, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1038/ni1202

Cited by 248 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…do not have classical virulence factors. Their virulence is determined by their abilities to invade, survive and reach the replicative niche in the host cells [16,30]. OPS is considered an important virulence factor in this organism [6,21,31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Brucella abortus OPS dictating uptake and restricting NF-κB activation in murine macrophages

Pei

Turse

Ficht

2008

Microbes and Infection

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Smooth Brucella abortus S2308 is virulent while rough derivatives are attenuated. Intracellular killing is often blamed for these differences. In the studies described, uptake kinetics and interaction of S2308 and S2308 manBA::Tn5 (CA180) rough mutants with macrophages were investigated. The results revealed that smooth B. abortus was rapidly internalized, achieving a maximum level in less than 5 minutes without additional uptake over the next 30 minutes. In contrast, continued uptake of the rough mutant was observed and only achieves a maximum level after 30 minutes. The results were confirmed by the differences in F-actin polymerization, lipid raft staining, early endosome colocalization and electron microscopic observations after smooth and rough Brucella infection. We also demonstrated for the first time that uptake of S2308, but not rough mutant CA180 was PI3-kinase and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent. Differences in uptake were associated with differences in macrophage activation with regard to NF-κB translocation and cytokine production. These results provide evidence that the presence of B. abortus OPS dictates the interactions between Brucella and specific cell surface receptors minimizing macrophage activation and enhancing Brucella survival and/or persistence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Brucella abortus OPS dictating uptake and restricting NF-κB activation in murine macrophages

Pei

Turse

Ficht

2008

Microbes and Infection

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“…to survive within intracellular compartments and for S. meliloti to adhere to root hair cells 29,165 . During host cell invasion by B. abortus, cyclic β-glucans prevent fusion of the bacteria-containing endocytic vacuole with the lysosome, by modulating lipid raft organization in host cell membranes 165 .…”

Section: Box 3 Host Invasion Parallels Between Rhizobia and Animal Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During host cell invasion by B. abortus, cyclic β-glucans prevent fusion of the bacteria-containing endocytic vacuole with the lysosome, by modulating lipid raft organization in host cell membranes 165 . This suggests that cyclic β-glucans are critical for correct cell surface interactions of B. abortus with endocytic vacuole membranes and of S. meliloti with root hair cells.…”

Section: Box 3 Host Invasion Parallels Between Rhizobia and Animal Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

How rhizobial symbionts invade plants: the Sinorhizobium–Medicago model

et al. 2007

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Nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants have evolved complex signal exchange mechanisms that allow a specific bacterial species to induce its host plant to form invasion structures through which the bacteria can enter the plant root. Once the bacteria have been endocytosed within a host-membrane-bound compartment by root cells, the bacteria differentiate into a new form that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. Bacterial differentiation and nitrogen fixation are dependent on the microaerobic environment and other support factors provided by the plant. In return, the plant receives nitrogen from the bacteria, which allows it to grow in the absence of an external nitrogen source. Here, we review recent discoveries about the mutual recognition process that allows the model rhizobial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti to invade and differentiate inside its host plant alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and the model host plant barrel medic (Medicago truncatula).The recent completion of the Sinorhizobium meliloti genome sequence, and the progress towards the completion of the Medicago truncatula genome sequence, have led to a surge in the molecular characterization of the determinants that are involved in the development of the symbiosis between rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants. Aromatic compounds from legumes called flavonoids first signal the rhizobial bacteria to produce lipochitooligosaccharide compounds called Nod factors 1 . Nod factors that are secreted by the bacteria activate multiple responses in the host plant that prepare the plant to receive the invading bacteria. Nod factors and symbiotic exopolysaccharides induce the plant to form infection threads, which are thin tubules filled with bacteria that penetrate into the plant cortical tissue and deliver the bacteria to their target cells. Plant cells in the inner cortex internalize the invading bacteria in host-membrane-bound compartments that mature into structures known Correspondence to G.C.W. gwalker@mit.edu. Competing interests statementThe authors declare no competing financial interests. DATABASES Invasion of plant rootsAlthough plant roots are exposed to various micro-organisms in the soil, their cell walls form a strong protective barrier against most harmful species. The early steps in the invasion of barrel medic (M. truncatula) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) roots by S. meliloti are characterized by the reciprocal exchange of signals that allow the bacteria to use the plant root hair cells as a means of entry. Initial signal exchangeFlavonoid compounds (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone derivatives) produced by leguminous plants are the first signals to be exchanged by host-rhizobial symbiont pairs 1 (FIG. 1). Flavonoids bind bacterial NodD proteins, which are members of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, and activate these proteins to induce the transcription of rhizobial genes 1,2 . For example, the M. sativa-derived flavonoid luteolin stimulates binding of an active form of NodD1 to an S. meliloti 'nod-box' p...

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“…Frequently, mutants of phytopathogenic bacterial strains (such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Xanthomonas campestris) unable to produce CG are also impaired in their capacity to develop plant diseases Miller 1994, 1998;Rigano et al 2007). The requirement for CG for bacterial pathogenic capacity has also been demonstrated in Brucella abortus, a cattle pathogen that can also infect humans (Arellano-Reynoso et al 2005;Ugalde 1999). S. meliloti cgs mutants are severely impaired for motility and attachment and invasion of alfalfa roots, so that nitrogen-fixing nodules are not formed (Dylan et al 1990b).…”

Section: Sinorhizobium Fredii Hh103 Produces Cyclic β Glucans (Cg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 cgs Mutants Are Unable to Nodulate Determinate- and Indeterminate Nodule–Forming Legumes and Overproduce an Altered EPS

Crespo‐Rivas¹,

Margaret²,

Hidalgo³

et al. 2009

MPMI

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Cyclic β-1,2-glucan is a brucella virulence factor required for intracellular survival

Cited by 248 publications

References 44 publications

Evidence of Brucella abortus OPS dictating uptake and restricting NF-κB activation in murine macrophages

Evidence of Brucella abortus OPS dictating uptake and restricting NF-κB activation in murine macrophages

How rhizobial symbionts invade plants: the Sinorhizobium–Medicago model

Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 cgs Mutants Are Unable to Nodulate Determinate- and Indeterminate Nodule–Forming Legumes and Overproduce an Altered EPS

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