Cyclic voltammetry at microdroplet modified electrodes. A comparison of the reaction of vicinal dibromides with vitamin B12s at the liquid/liquid interface with the corresponding homogeneous process: evidence for polar-solvent effects at the liquid/liquid interface

Characterisation of hydrophobic carbon nanofiber–silica composite film electrodes for redox liquid immobilisation

“…This effect is more clearly visible when numerous values of the standard transfer potentials of X − from water to nitrobenzene ( NB aq ϕ 0 X − ) [37] were used. From the hydrophobic PF 6 − to the relatively hydrophilic Cl − an almost linear dependence of E peak versus NB aq ϕ 0 X − with slope close to unity can be seen for TOAP-NPOE solution. Only for most hydrophilic anion, F − , and in the presence of tetrabutylammonium cations, a deviation from this dependence can be seen, indicating important contribution of cation ejection.…”

“…This is connected with potential applications in ion partitioning analysis [4], photoelectrochemistry at liquid|liquid interfaces [5], and in liquid|liquid electroorganic synthesis [6]. The mechanism of the electrode process involves electron transfer at the electrode|organic liquid interface and ion transfer across liquid|liquid interface [7][8][9] to maintain charge neutrality.…”

The cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry of regular and random arrays of microdisc electrodes: Theory

“…In the previous work on partially blocked electrodes (PBEs), we have shown it is possible to simulate (accurately) the voltammetric response of randomly distributed systems [22][23][24]. Indeed, using our random PBE simulation method in combination with experimental results, we are now able to determine the size (and possibly shape in the near future) of insulating particles on the electrode surface [22,23].…”

The cyclic voltammetric response of electrochemically heterogeneous surfaces

“…Using a probability distribution function ( Fig. 15(b)), we can calculate how many times a particular domain size (i.e., R 0 ) occurs and weight each voltammogram accordingly [5]. The result is a single voltammogram for the whole electrode surface as shown in Fig.…”

“…In this paper, we build on our experience with partially blocked electrodes [1][2][3][4][5][6] to predict the cyclic voltammetric response of an electrode which is heterogeneous in its electrochemical behaviour with some spatial zones more active than others, resulting in an ''array of microelectrodes'' made of one material dispersed over a different electrode material. Thus, for a simple one electron redox couple the electrode kinetics will be described by two electron transfer rate constants, k 1 and k 2 and two transfer coefficients, a 1 and a 2 as shown in Fig.…”