Cyclic tensile properties of the polylactide nanocomposite foams containing cellulose nanocrystals

Qiu, Yaxin; Lv, Qiaolian; Wu, Defeng; Xie, Wenyuan; Peng, Shimeng; Lan, Ruyue; Xie, Hui

doi:10.1007/s10570-018-1703-9

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…With the decrease in cell size while increase in cell density through improving the saturation pressure, the thickness of cell wall is reduced until two neighboring cells share a single cell wall. 31 As can be seen from Figure 3(b), the thickness of cell wall decreased with the decrease in cell size while the increase in cell density, as verified based on those images in Figure 2. During the cell growth procedure, cells expand in every direction; however, cell wall thickness tended to decrease between cells, produced cell wall rupture, which is ascribed to the mold constraint-induced different expansion resistance.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Cell structure and mechanical properties of microcellular PLA foams prepared via autoclave constrained foaming

Chen¹,

Yang

Chen³

et al. 2020

Cellular Polymers

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Microcellular polylactic acid (PLA) foams with various cell size and cell morphologies were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) solid-state foaming to investigate the relationship between the cell structure and mechanical properties. Constrained foaming was used and a wide range of cell structures with a constant porosity of ∼75% by tuning saturation pressure (8–24 MPa) was developed. Experiments varying the saturation pressure while holding other variables’ constant show that the mean cell size and the mean cell wall thickness decreased, while the cell density and the open porosity increased with increase of pressure. Tensile modulus of PLA foams decreased with increasing the saturation pressure, but the specific tensile modulus of PLA foams was still 15–80% higher than that of solid PLA. Tensile strength and elongation at break first increased with increasing saturation pressure up to 16 MPa and then decreased with further increasing saturation pressure (20 MPa and 24 MPa) at which opened-cell structure produced. Compressive modulus, compressive strength, and compressive yield stress also followed the same variation trend. The results indicated that not only cell size plays an important role in properties of PLA foams but also cell morphology can influence these properties significantly.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Cell structure and mechanical properties of microcellular PLA foams prepared via autoclave constrained foaming

Chen¹,

Yang

Chen³

et al. 2020

Cellular Polymers

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“…For nanocomposite foams, the cell density did not significantly change with pressure. Qiu et al [99] prepared PLA/CNC foams by temperature-induced batch foaming. Initially, the prepared nanocomposites were placed in a high-pressure vessel and then saturated with CO 2 at a pressure of 5 MPa and a temperature of 0 °C for 12 h. The CO 2 pressure was quickly released from 5 to 0.1 MPa within 3 min.…”

Section: Methods and Parameters Associated With Cellulose Nanostrumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the different processing techniques and conditions used to develop cellulose-based biodegradable nanocomposite foams, it was clearly observed that the type of cell morphology solely depends on the processing methods and conditions. In batch foaming, it has been shown that the foam morphology is dependent on the foaming pressure [98,99]. The optimisation of pressure in this case is important to achieve foam with high cell density and small diameters.…”

Section: Methods and Parameters Associated With Cellulose Nanostrumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the decrease of compressive modulus at higher CNC content was attributed to the aggregation of CNC particles and high viscosity of the material, which could be caused by rigidity of CNC particles in restricting mobility of PVOH chains and difficulty in dispersing CNC at high concentrations. Qiu et al [99] observed the decrease of mechanical properties of PLA/a-CNC foams compared with neat PLA foams. In their work, the decline of tensile properties was associated with several factors, including morphology and interaction between PLA and CNC particles.…”

Section: Properties Of Cellulose-nanostructured Nanocomposite Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose Nanostructure-Based Biodegradable Nanocomposite Foams: A Brief Overview on the Recent Advancements and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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The interest in designing new environmentally friendly materials has led to the development of biodegradable foams as a potential substitute to most currently used fossil fuel–derived polymer foams. Despite the possibility of developing biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymer foams, the challenge of foaming biopolymers still persists as they have very low melt strength and viscosity as well as low crystallisation kinetics. Studies have shown that the incorporation of cellulose nanostructure (CN) particles into biopolymers can enhance the foamability of these materials. In addition, the final properties and performance of the foamed products can be improved with the addition of these nanoparticles. They not only aid in foamability but also act as nucleating agents by controlling the morphological properties of the foamed material. Here, we provide a critical and accessible overview of the influence of CN particles on the properties of biodegradable foams; in particular, their rheological, thermal, mechanical, and flammability and thermal insulating properties and biodegradability.

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“…In the work of Qiu et al [121], PLA/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) foams were the focus of the study. In this particular case, composites using 3 wt% of untreated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (aCNCs) with two different degrees of substitution (DS) were used (aCNCs(L) DS:0.58 -aCNCs(M) DS:1.26).…”

Section: Filler Surface Treatment Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming of PLA Composites by Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Processes: A Review

et al. 2020

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is a well-known and commercially available biopolymer that can be produced from different sources. Its different characteristics generated a great deal of interest in various industrial fields. Besides, its use as a polymer matrix for foam production has increased in recent years. With the rise of technologies that seek to reduce the negative environmental impact of processes, chemical foaming agents are being substituted by physical agents, primarily supercritical fluids (SCFs). Currently, the mass production of low-density PLA foams with a uniform cell morphology using SCFs as blowing agents is a challenge. This is mainly due to the low melt strength of PLA and its slow crystallization kinetics. Among the different options to improve the PLA characteristics, compounding it with different types of fillers has great potential. This strategy does not only have foaming advantages, but can also improve the performances of the final composites, regardless of the implemented foaming process, i.e., batch, injection molding, and extrusion. In addition, the operating conditions and the characteristics of the fillers, such as their size, shape factor, and surface chemistry, play an important role in the final foam morphology. This article proposes a critical review on the different SCF-assisted processes and effects of operating conditions and fillers on foaming of PLA composites.

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Cyclic tensile properties of the polylactide nanocomposite foams containing cellulose nanocrystals

Cited by 36 publications

References 61 publications

Cell structure and mechanical properties of microcellular PLA foams prepared via autoclave constrained foaming

Cell structure and mechanical properties of microcellular PLA foams prepared via autoclave constrained foaming

Cellulose Nanostructure-Based Biodegradable Nanocomposite Foams: A Brief Overview on the Recent Advancements and Perspectives

Foaming of PLA Composites by Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Processes: A Review

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