Cyclic Synthetic Peroxides Inhibit Growth of Entomopathogenic Fungus Ascosphaera apis without Toxic Effect on Bumblebees

Abstract

In recent years, the number of pollinators in the world has significantly decreased. A possible reason for this is the toxic effects of agrochemicals reducing the immunity of insects that leads to their increased susceptibility to pathogens. Ascosphaera apis is a dangerous entomopathogenic fungus, afflicting both honeybees and bumblebees. We investigated fungicide activity of cyclic synthetic peroxides against A. apis isolated from Bombus terrestris L. The peroxides exhibited high mycelium growth inhibition of A. apis up to 94–100% at concentration 30 mg/L. EC50 values were determined for the most active peroxides. Two peroxides showed higher antifungal activity against A. apis than the commercial fungicide Triadimefon. The studied peroxides did not reduce the ability of bumblebees to fly and did not lead to the death of bumblebees. A new field of application for peroxides was disclosed.

Criegee Intermediates Beyond Ozonolysis: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights

“…[54] Theo xime selectively forms ac arbonyl oxide,w hich in turn can add to aketone to give relatively stable and isolable 1,2,4trioxolanes.T hese ozonides and related products are of interest because of their pharmacological activity. [55][56][57] Thet otal synthesis of Yingzhaosu A( an antimalarial natural product) was investigated by ONeill et al,who used the nucleophilic trapping of carbonyl oxides to install the required endoperoxide. [58] Thet otal synthesis of Baulamyci-nA (an antibiotic polyketide) was performed using dry ozonolysis to unmask acarboxylic acid.…”

Marriage of Peroxides and Nitrogen Heterocycles: Selective Three-Component Assembly, Peroxide-Preserving Rearrangement, and Stereoelectronic Source of Unusual Stability of Bridged Azaozonides

“…Organic peroxides offer a largely uncharted chemical space for the development of new medicinal agents with antimalarial, − anthelmintic, − anticancer, − fungicidal, , antitubercular, − and antiviral − activities. Artemisinin, a natural peroxide recognized by the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine to Youyou Tu, and its synthetic analogues such as arterolane are important antimalarial drugs.…”

How to Build Rigid Oxygen-Rich Tricyclic Heterocycles from Triketones and Hydrogen Peroxide: Control of Dynamic Covalent Chemistry with Inverse α-Effect

“…In addition to serving as key chemical weapons against malaria (Figure ), artemisinin, its derivatives, and analogues possess antiviral activity . Furthermore, polycyclic peroxides exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities including high anthelmintic, , antifungal, anticancer, and antitubercular properties . The ethanolic extract of Artemisia annua L. is effective against SARS-associated coronavirus .…”