Cyclic performance of reinforced legs in retrofitted transmission towers

Lu, Chenghao; Ma, Xing; Mills, Julie E.

doi:10.1016/j.acme.2018.07.001

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To construct a test rig for an actual crossarm, the material should be selected based on the length and width of the existing 132-kV transmission tower. Since the height of a crossarm is roughly 2 to 3 m, the test rig should be designed to have a height of roughly 4 m to replicate the actual condition in a smaller scale [38][39][40]. Figure 2 displays final CAD drawing of cantilever beam creep test rig for crossarm using CATIA V5.…”

Section: Design Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Design and Simulation of Creep Test Rig for Full‐Scale Crossarm Structure

Asyraf

Ishak

Sapuan

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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A simulated model was developed in order to design and simulate the mechanical properties of a cantilever beam creep testing rig for a full-scale size crossarm in transmission towers. Currently, the Malaysian power grid system is implementing several materials, such as Chengal wood, polymeric composite, and galvanised steel, as crossarm structures. However, there is a lack of study regarding the long-term mechanical behaviour of heavy structures in the literature. Hence, this article explains the design development of creep test rig for a full-scale crossarm structure using CATIA and mechanical simulation (deformation and safety factors) of the product via ANSYS. The test rig will be used to predict the creep life of the cantilever beam structure. In this study, a tall and large base area structure was designed and replicated from an actual tower to elevate the crossarm above the ground level. In order to select the best performance model, a baseline conceptual test rig was generated in CAD modelling, and the finite element analysis was carried out by using a static structural analysis in ANSYS. Four different bracing configurations were incorporated in the baseline model, and the modified structures were then analysed. The results show that the hybrid bracing configuration has enhanced the mechanical properties and safety factors in the baseline model.

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Section: Design Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Design and Simulation of Creep Test Rig for Full‐Scale Crossarm Structure

Asyraf

Ishak

Sapuan

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…Some papers [5][6][7] address the structural behaviour of retrofitted tower leg members under monotonic and cyclic loading and show that the bolt connector plays a critical role in increasing compressive load capacity, but they are limited to splice connectors, mainly having the cruciform character. Since slippage in the connection between the reinforced and reinforcing members significantly affects the behaviour of the entire strengthened member, these results are not fully representative in the case of the design solution discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of axially compressed bars in lattice towers under load – experimental investigations

Jastrzębski,

Ślęczka

2023

ce papers

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This paper presents the results of experimental research, in which hot‐rolled single steel angle members L65×65×7 were strengthened under axial compression. Strengthening was carried out by attaching an additional angle (L65×65×7 or L50×50×5) by a clamp system. The reinforced angle, the reinforcing element and the clamps were hot‐dip galvanized. The paper compares the difference between buckling behaviour and the ultimate load capacity elements strengthened under no load with the elements having the same geometry, in which the strengthening was carried out under the load. The level of force transmission from the reinforced to the reinforcing member is also recognized. The results show the influence of the size of the reinforcement element, the slenderness of the reinforced member, and the spacing of the clamps on the effectiveness of reinforcement. The effect of preload on the ultimate load capacity of the axially loaded element was found to be insignificant in the study conducted (no more than ±4.2%).

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“…Trovato et al [25] designed a reinforcement method that prevents lateral torsion and weak axial buckling of single-angle section members through a casing and achieved good results overall. Lu et al [26,27] conducted an experimental and numerical study on the reinforcement method of anisotropic cross-shaped components in the legs of lattice transmission or communication towers, effectively improving the overall strength of the structure. Ananthi et al [28] conducted experimental research on the welding and fastening of back-to-back combination unequal-leg cold-bending steel angles under axial compression, and the results showed that the predicted bearing capacity of unequal leg combination angle steel using the direct strength method was about 7% lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Bearing Capacity Analysis of Retrofitted Built-Up Steel Angle Members under Axial Compression

Yang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Against the update of load design standards and requirement of long-term service, many latticed towers using steel angles subjected to gradual performance degradation must be retrofitted for bearing further social functions, e.g., electric power transmission and fifth-generation mobile communication. Therefore, this paper proposed a non-destructive reinforcement method for steel angles by avoiding unnecessary new construction or complex reinforcement procedure. The non-destructive reinforcement of a steel angle is composed of a steel angle, reinforcement plate, and fixture. Standardized fixtures are used to connect the reinforcement plate and steel angle to achieve steel angle reinforcement. In retrofitting tests, built-up steel angle members were loaded under axial compression, in which the failure mode and reinforcement effect of key parameters (e.g., clamp type, slenderness ratio, and clamp distance) were analyzed and compared, where a significant reinforcement effect was obtained with the capacity increment within 39~174%; the clamp types and clamp distance had a slight effect on bearing capacity; and the proposed reinforcement method was more effective for slender members. Based on the mechanical mechanism analysis and failure mode, the accuracy of the design method for calculating the bearing capacity of those built-up steel angle members was suggested and verified, in which a simplified mechanical model for the flexural-buckling mode was developed. The design method based on AISC360-16 agreed well with the test result and could be effectively used for calculating the flexural–torsional bearing capacity of those built-up steel angles. This study can provide a valuable reference for the design and application of non-destructive reinforcement of angle steel towers.

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Cyclic performance of reinforced legs in retrofitted transmission towers

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of Design and Simulation of Creep Test Rig for Full‐Scale Crossarm Structure

Evaluation of Design and Simulation of Creep Test Rig for Full‐Scale Crossarm Structure

Strengthening of axially compressed bars in lattice towers under load – experimental investigations

Experimental Study and Bearing Capacity Analysis of Retrofitted Built-Up Steel Angle Members under Axial Compression

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