The four new and four known sesquiterpenoid derivatives 1 ± 4 and 5 ± 8, respectively, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Ferula mongolica. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and found to be rel-(4), (4E,8E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one (5), the rel-(2R,3S) diastereoisomer 6 of 2, the rel-(2R,3S) diastereoisomer 7 of 4, and (4E,8E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,9,13trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one (8). These compounds were tested as inhibitors against the enzyme aglucosidase. The compounds 1 ± 6 and 8 exhibited significant inhibitory activity and, therefore, represent a new class of a-glucosidase inhibitors. HÀC(5') 7.91 (d, J 8.7) 7.94 (d, J 8.5) 7.50 (d, J 8.5) 7.58 (d, J 9.4) 6.49 (dd, J 2.5, 8.5) 7.93 (d, J 8.7) 7.57 (d, J 9.3) 6.49 (dd, J 2.5, 8.5) HÀC(6') 6.88 (dd, J 2.2, 8.7) 6.90 (dd, J 2.0, 8.5) 6.80 (dd, J 2.0, 8.5) 6.96 (dd, J 2.2, 9.4) 7.79 (d, J 8.9) 6.90 (dd, J 2.2, 8.7) 6.95 (dd, J 2.3, 9.4) 7.79 (d, J 8.9) HÀC(8') 6.76 (d, J 2.2) 6.81 (d, J 2.0) 6.73 (d, J 2.0) 6.93 (d, J 2.2) ± 6.81 (d, J 2.2) 6.93 (d, J 2.3) ±