Cyclic dipeptides: catalyst/promoter-free, rapid and environmentally benign cyclization of free amino acids

Spontaneous Aminolytic Cyclization and Self‐Assembly of Dipeptide Methyl Esters in Water

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Peptide sequences as short as two or three amino acids have been utilized for nanostructure formation in a sequence dependent manner using linear [27][28][29][30][31][32] or cyclic peptides. [33][34][35][36] Cyclic dipeptides (or diketopiperazines) involve the presentation of amino acid side chain functionality at the exterior of the nanostructure, thus rendering it accessible for interactions and/ or functionalization. Govindaraju's group has extensively investigated their assembly, highlighting interesting properties of these systems, including the increased stability towards proteolysis.…”

Synthesis of Peptides and Pyrazines from β‐Amino Alcohols through Extrusion of H2 Catalyzed by Ruthenium Pincer Complexes: Ligand‐Controlled Selectivity

“…[8] Very recently, the synthesis of diketopiperazines from amino acids under microwave irradiation was reported. [9] Green, atom-economical methods for the generation of peptides are highly desirable.…”

A study of diketopiperazines as electron-donor initiators in transition metal-free haloarene–arene coupling

“…11 Amino acids can undergo condensation to form peptides 21 and also cyclic dipeptides under microwave conditions. 22 These cyclic dipeptides, usually called diketopiperazines (DKP), once deprotonated, could act as electron donors. A N,N -dipropyl diketopiperazine 6 has already been reported by our group and was used as an electron donor under basic conditions.…”