“…[3][4][5][6] Many studies on the TMF behavior of austenitic stainless steel (304, 304 L, 316, 316 L, 316LN) have been published, which mainly focus on the mechanical response behavior 4,5,[7][8][9] and failure mechanism of the material under different phase angles between temperature and mechanical loads, 3,10,11 different temperature ranges, 12,13 different strain rates, [14][15][16][17] and different nitrogen contents. 16,17 There are also some studies focusing on the fatigue life 6,18 and mechanical behavior of materials under different loading forms, such as uniaxial tensioncompression loading, 19 torsional loading, 20 and multiaxial tension-torsion loading. 21 However, these studies primarily concentrate on the crack initiation mechanism and the failure process of intact specimens under TMF conditions and lack a systematic study on the propagation behavior of already cracked structures.…”