Cyclic bone remodeling in deer

Hillman, J. R.; Davis, Robert W.; Abdelbaki, Y. Z.

doi:10.1007/bf02013745

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Hillman et al [20] reported on the resorption rate of various bones in the mule deer during antler formation. The highest rate of bone resorption was seen in the ribs followed by the metacarpus and then the metatarsus, with 23.0%, 13.7%, and 10.3% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bone involution decrease in exercising middle-aged women

Smith

Ensign

et al. 1984

Calcif Tissue Int

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Physical activity is an important stimulus in the prevention of bone involution. Bilateral bone mineral mass and width of the radius, ulna, and humerus were measured by single photon absorptiometry on 200 women between the ages of 35 and 65 over a 3-4 year period. Two groups were formed: 80 in a control group and 120 in a physical activity group exercising 45 min/day, 3 days/week. The control and physical activity groups were similar in age, height, weight, and level of physical fitness at the beginning of the study. The control group lost bone mineral mass at a rate similar to that of the general population. The left radius bone mineral declined 2.44% per year. Similar rates of decline were observed in the other bones measured. The physical activity group increased in fitness by 13% in the first year of the study. The bone mineral mass of the exercise group declined the first year and then increased; thereby the bone mineral data for the exercise group was analyzed in two sets. During the first year of the program, a decline of 3.77% in bone mineral mass of the left radius, a significantly greater loss than that of the control group, was observed. Decline rates were similar in the other bones measured. In the second and third years, bone mineral mass of the left radius increased by 1.39% per year, and the rate of change was significantly different from that of the control group. There were similar increases in the other bones measured. The data from this study support the importance of physical activity in the prevention of bone mineral loss in the aging female.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bone involution decrease in exercising middle-aged women

Smith

Ensign

et al. 1984

Calcif Tissue Int

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“…Because the periosteal (‘velvet’) covering of the antlers had been shed and antler growth was complete, the relatively minor amount of appendicular cortical bone that had been reabsorbed for the demands of antler growth would have been replenished (Banks et al. 1968; Hillman et al. 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do regional modifications in tissue mineral content and microscopic mineralization heterogeneity adapt trabecular bone tracts for habitual bending? Analysis in the context of trabecular architecture of deer calcanei

Skedros¹,

Knight²,

Farnsworth³

et al. 2012

Journal of Anatomy

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Calcanei of mature mule deer have the largest mineral content (percent ash) difference between their dorsal 'compression' and plantar 'tension' cortices of any bone that has been studied. The opposing trabecular tracts, which are contiguous with the cortices, might also show important mineral content differences and microscopic mineralization heterogeneity (reflecting increased hemi-osteonal renewal) that optimize mechanical behaviors in tension vs. compression. Support for these hypotheses could reveal a largely unrecognized capacity for phenotypic plasticity - the adaptability of trabecular bone material as a means for differentially enhancing mechanical properties for local strain environments produced by habitual bending. Fifteen skeletally mature and 15 immature deer calcanei were cut transversely into two segments (40% and 50% shaft length), and cores were removed to determine mineral (ash) content from 'tension' and 'compression' trabecular tracts and their adjacent cortices. Seven bones/group were analyzed for differences between tracts in: first, microscopic trabecular bone packets and mineralization heterogeneity (backscattered electron imaging, BSE); and second, trabecular architecture (micro-computed tomography). Among the eight architectural characteristics evaluated [including bone volume fraction (BVF) and structural model index (SMI)]: first, only the 'tension' tract of immature bones showed significantly greater BVF and more negative SMI (i.e. increased honeycomb morphology) than the 'compression' tract of immature bones; and second, the 'compression' tracts of both groups showed significantly greater structural order/alignment than the corresponding 'tension' tracts. Although mineralization heterogeneity differed between the tracts in only the immature group, in both groups the mineral content derived from BSE images was significantly greater (P < 0.01), and bulk mineral (ash) content tended to be greater in the 'compression' tracts (immature 3.6%, P = 0.03; mature 3.1%, P = 0.09). These differences are much less than the approximately 8% greater mineral content of their 'compression' cortices (P < 0.001). Published data, suggesting that these small mineralization differences are not mechanically important in the context of conventional tests, support the probability that architectural modifications primarily adapt the tracts for local demands. However, greater hemi-osteonal packets in the tension trabecular tract of only the mature bones (P = 0.006) might have an important role, and possible synergism with mineralization and/or microarchitecture, in differential toughening at the trabeculum level for tension vs. compression strains.

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“…When the mineral requirements of growing antlers cannot be met by dietary intake, bone resorption occurs in the skeleton of deer to provide the necessary extra amounts of calcium and phosphorus (Meister 1956;Banks et al 1968a, b;Hillman et al 1973;Baxter et al 1999). …”

Section: Antler Growth and Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sawicka-Kapusta (1979) measured high sulfur concentrations in roe deer antlers from the Niepoomice forest and forests in Silesia. In the latter region, mean sulfur concentration in antlers (dry matter) increased by about 29 percent from the period 1938-1950to the period 1951-1973. Sawicka-Kapusta (1979 interpreted this increase as ''reflecting the higher acidification of the forest environment by sulphur dioxide''.…”

Section: Influence Of Pollutants On Antler Qualitymentioning

confidence: 96%