Cyclic and linear dithienyl-anthryl vinylenes: synthesis, X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic properties, and photoinduced mechanical motions

Abstract

Cyclic and linear conjugated molecules featuring 9,10-dithienylanthracene linked with vinylene were synthesized by McMurry coupling, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and dehydration. The cyclic and linear dimers displayed strained ring and...

Recent Developments of Photodeformable Polymers: From Materials to Applications

“…A complex maneuver was used to synthesize a cyclic, linear polymer with 9,10-dithiophenanthracene as the head group (Fig. 5 I) [ 58 ]. This group can exhibit a unique conformation under UV, and the introduction of 3-hexylthiophene onto anthracene greatly inhibits the photodimerization of the anthracene group.…”

Facile Photoresponsive Actuators Based on Ferrocene-Doped Poly(butyl methacrylate)

“…Soft actuators, drawing inspiration from the adaptability of soft-bodied animals and human muscles, provided enhanced flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability compared to conventional hard actuators. − These intelligent materials can alter their shape and size in response to external stimuli, leading to revolutionary advancements in a wide range of applications including robotics, soft electronics, surgical procedures, drug delivery systems, artificial organs, and prosthetics. − Stimulus-responsive mechanical machines have attracted increased interest as they can be controlled by photoirradiation, − humidity, ,− temperature, − or electric potential − toward actuators , and gears , with a desired size between the molecular , and macroscopic scales. , Photochromic molecules have been employed to fabricate photocontrollable machines as they exhibit reversible photoisomerization, thus producing macroscopically observable mechanical motions. − Among these photochromic molecules, azobenzene-containing polymer films and single crystals exhibit photoinduced bending motions. ,, Particularly, a precise motion was achieved by polarized light owing to the oriented arrangement of an azobenzene group in a liquid-crystal structure . Further, the crystals of diarylethene have exhibited photoinduced deformation and bending motions due to photoisomerization, from ring-opened to -closed chemical structures. , Spiropyran groups have also undergone solid-state photoisomerization to produce photocontrollable dynamic motion …”