Cyclic AMP Induction of the Myelin Enzyme 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotide 3′‐Phosphohydrolase in Rat Oligodendrocytes

Fa, McMorris

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb04768.x

Cited by 136 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We studied tissue cultures established from cerebrum of 1-day-old rats, in which oligodendrocytes follow a developmental time course similar to that observed in vivo (2)(3)(4). We previously obtained evidence suggesting that insulin supports oligodendrocyte development (4), and we show here that insulin increases the number of oligodendrocytes that develop in the cultures.…”

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confidence: 57%

“…Cells were explanted by mechanical dissociation of cerebrum of 1-day-old strain LEC rats as described (3,4) and were inoculated into polystyrene tissue culture dishes, glass microscope slide chambers, or dishes containing glass coverslips. Glass surfaces were previously treated with D-polylysine (10-50 pug/ml) or polylysine followed by fibronectin ( (19), and A2B5 mouse monoclonal antibody (14) were used for staining.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C: a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development.

McMorris¹,

Smith²,

DeSalvo³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

345

191

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Cell cultures established from cerebrum of 1-day-old rats were used to investigate hormonal regulation of the development of oligodendrocytes, which synthesize myelin in the central nervous system. The number of oligodendrocytes that developed was preferentially increased by insulin, or by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), also known as somatomedin C. High concentrations (5 Pg/ml) of insulin were required for substantial induction of oligodendrocyte development, whereas only 3.3 ng of IGF-I per ml was needed for a 2-fold increase in oligodendrocyte numbers. At an IGF-I concentration of 100 ng/ml, oligodendrocyte numbers were increased 6-fold in cultures grown in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, or up to 60-fold in cultures maintained in serum-free medium. IGF-I produced less than a 2-fold increase in the number of nonoligodendroglial cells in the same cultures. Type I IGF receptors were identified on oligodendrocytes and on a putative oligodendrocyte precursor cell population identified by using mouse monoclonal antibody A2B5. These results indicate that IGF-I is a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development and suggest a possible mechanism based on IGF deficiency for the hypomyelination that results from early postnatal malnutrition.Oligodendrocytes play a critical role in nervous system function by synthesizing and maintaining myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) (1). Very little is known about the stimuli or regulatory signals that promote the development of oligodendrocytes, but such information might provide the basis for approaches to promote repair in demyelinating disorders.We studied tissue cultures established from cerebrum of MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Explantation and Culture. Cells were explanted by mechanical dissociation of cerebrum of 1-day-old strain LEC rats as described (3, 4) and were inoculated into polystyrene tissue culture dishes, glass microscope slide chambers, or dishes containing glass coverslips. Glass surfaces were previously treated with D-polylysine (10-50 pug/ml) or polylysine followed by fibronectin (1 Atg/cm2; purified by method B of ref. 9). Cells were maintained as mixed cultures without separation of individual cell types. Unless otherwise noted, culture medium was Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with glucose to a total of 6 g/liter, 0.1 mM of each nonessential amino acid, antibiotics, and 10% fetal bovine serum. For serum-free culture, cells were maintained in the presence of 10%6 fetal bovine serum for the first 16-24 hr of culture to allow the cells to attach (10, 11), and the cells were then rinsed and refed with serum-free culture medium. Serum-free medium (modified from ref. 10) consisted ofequal parts of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (high-glucose formula) and Ham's F-12 medium, supplemented with glucose to a total of 6 g/liter/15 nM triiodothyronine/30 nM sodium selenite/transferrin (50 pug/ml). Insulin was absent except where noted. In all cases, medium was changed on the fourth day after explantation and every second da...

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confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C: a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development.

McMorris¹,

Smith²,

DeSalvo³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

345

191

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“…5 c). In other systems, CNP levels The increase in CNP activity from in vivo infected macroare known to increase in response to cyclic AMP and its inphages may have been secondary to a stress response, and may ducers such as norepinephrine and prostaglandin El (20,21) suggest active attempts at repair of damage; increased mitoand growth factors such as somatomedin C (22 that the increased CNP activity occurred secondary to growth factor elaboration in response to a toxic insult. Virus gene products such as gp 120 have been implicated in some in vitro experiments to account for HIV-related neurotoxicity (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and neurochemical alterations in cultured human brains.

Pulliam

Herndier²,

Tang³

et al. 1991

J. Clin. Invest.

276

122

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We wanted to establish an in vitro human model for AIDS-associated dementia and pursue the hypothesis that this disease process may be a result of soluble factors produced by HIV-infected macrophages. Human brain aggregates were prepared from nine different brain specimens, and were treated with supernatants from in vitro HIV-infected macrophages (SI), uninfected macrophages (SU), infected T cells, or macrophage-conditioned media from four AIDS patients.Seven of nine treated brains exposed to SI showed periph-

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“…The following cells were prepared as a quick extract as described for Fig. 1: HJC cells were maintained in DME and 10% FCS (lane d); rat primary glial cells were cultured from 1-day-old rat cerebra in OM-5 medium at either high (lane f, mixed glial cells: 65% astrocytes, 15% oligodendrocytes, and 25% precursor glial cells) or low (lane g, 90% astrocytes) cell density (17,18). Each cell type was identified by immunostaining (17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1: HJC cells were maintained in DME and 10% FCS (lane d); rat primary glial cells were cultured from 1-day-old rat cerebra in OM-5 medium at either high (lane f, mixed glial cells: 65% astrocytes, 15% oligodendrocytes, and 25% precursor glial cells) or low (lane g, 90% astrocytes) cell density (17,18). Each cell type was identified by immunostaining (17,18). Rat glial tumor C6 cells were grown in OM-5 medium (lane e); rat Schwann cells (lane m) were prepared from the sciatic nerve of neonatal rats and were grown in DME plus 10% FCS-2 ,uM forskolin-10 p.g of glial growth factor per ml (21); rat hippocampal cortical neurons from 15-day-old embryos were grown in DME and 10% FCS for 7 days before harvesting (lane 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-stranded RNA unwinding and modifying activity is detected ubiquitously in primary tissues and cell lines.

Wagner¹,

Yoo²,

Wrabetz³

et al. 1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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A double-stranded RNA unwinding and modifying activity was found to be present in a wide range of tissues and cell types. The level of activity did not vary significantly with respect to the state of cell differentiation, cell cycle, or transformation. Thus, the unwinding and modifying activity, localized in the nucleus in somatic cells and capable of converting many adenosine residues to inosine, appears to be one of the housekeeping genes.

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Cyclic AMP Induction of the Myelin Enzyme 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotide 3′‐Phosphohydrolase in Rat Oligodendrocytes

Cited by 136 publications

References 27 publications

Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C: a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development.

Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C: a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development.

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and neurochemical alterations in cultured human brains.

Double-stranded RNA unwinding and modifying activity is detected ubiquitously in primary tissues and cell lines.

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