Cyclic AMP

Robinson, G A; Butcher, R.W.; Sutherland, Earl W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.37.070168.001053

Cited by 1,014 publications

(221 citation statements)

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“…It is tempting to assume that this is due to a direct effect of theophylline on the Ca2+-trapping mechanism. However, since this subcellular fraction might contain adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities, and since methyl-1976 xanthines are known to be potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (Sutherland & Robinson, 1966;Robinson et al, 1968), it cannot be ruled out that at least part of the theophylline effect might be due to accumulation of endogenous cyclic AMP. D-Glucose, which is the major physiological stimulus to insulin secretion, was shown to increase the initial rate of 15Ca2+ uptake in unwashed islets (Hellman et al, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium uptake by subcellular fractions of pancreatic islets. Effects of nucleotides and theophylline

Sehilin

1976

Biochemical Journal

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Uptake of 45Ca2+ by a microsomal fraction from isolated pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob mice was studied. ATP strongly stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake, the maximum effect being obtained with 2mM-ATP. GTP and CTP at this concentration did not increase the uptake. Scatchard analysis revealed at least two types of uptake mechanisms in the presence of 2 mM-ATP; the apparent association constants were 1.1 x 105rvm1 and less than 2.5 x 102M-1. In contradistinction to an unaffected low-affinity uptake, the highaffinity uptake was drastically decreased on omission of ATP. The ATP-dependent and high-affinity uptake was half-saturated at about 10-20M-Ca2+ and was inhibited by 10 or 100puM of cyclic AMP, 10pum cyclic GMP, 10puM cyclic CMP, or 5mM-theophylline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium uptake by subcellular fractions of pancreatic islets. Effects of nucleotides and theophylline

Sehilin

1976

Biochemical Journal

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“…Many fundamental processes, mediators and regulators of airways disease pathogenesis were discovered or demonstrated first in guinea pigs, including the Schultz-Dale (immediate type hypersensitivity) reaction, the actions of histamine, the cysteinyl-leukotrienes and their two receptors, beta adrenoceptor subtypes, thromboxane, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), eotaxin, alveolar macrophage derived neutrophil chemotactic factor(s) (leukotriene B 4 and/or IL-8) and the roles of cAMP and inositol triphosphate in signal transduction [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Receptor pharmacology in guinea pigs more closely matches that of human receptor pharmacology than most other commonly used species [1,20,21] (Table 1, Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using guinea pigs in studies relevant to asthma and COPD

Canning

Chou

2008

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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The guinea pig has been the most commonly used small animal species in preclinical studies related to asthma and COPD. The primary advantages of the guinea pig are the similar potencies and efficacies of agonists and antagonists in human and guinea pig airways and the many similarities in physiological processes, especially airway autonomic control and the response to allergen. The primary disadvantages to using guinea pigs are the lack of transgenic methods, limited numbers of guinea pig strains for comparative studies and a prominent axon reflex that is unlikely to be present in human airways. These attributes and various models developed in guinea pigs are discussed.

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“…The possibility was considered that early environmental stresses caused abnormality in hormonal systems, thus producing secondary metabolic derangements in protein and ribonucleic acid metabolism. Changes in the intracellular levels of adenosine 3' ,5'-mouophosphate (cyclic AMP) 1 may be a generalized mechanism for the action of hormones in tissues (4,5). Cyclic AMP has been shown furthermore to mediate the activation of brain protein kinase (6).…”

Section: A S T I N G B I O L O G I C a L E F F E C T S Of E A R L Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasting Biological Effects of Early Environmental Influences

Lee

Dubos

1972

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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As previously reported, we have studied the lasting effects of early infection or malnutrition on the physical development and metabolism of specific pathogen-free mice (1, 2). These stresses have been found to decrease the biosynthesis of protein and ribonucleic acid in various tissues and subcellular fractions of brain. Such metabolic derangements could be corrected by the combined administration of growth hormone and insulin (3). The possibility was considered that early environmental stresses caused abnormality in hormonal systems, thus producing secondary metabolic derangements in protein and ribonucleic acid metabolism. Changes in the intracellular levels of adenosine 3' ,5'-mouophosphate (cyclic AMP) 1 may be a generalized mechanism for the action of hormones in tissues (4, 5). Cyclic AMP has been shown furthermore to mediate the activation of brain protein kinase (6). Among mammalian tissues the brain has the highest activity of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cyclic AMP (7), and the highest activity of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, which inactivates cyclic AMP (8).The present study was undertaken to investigate (a) the effects of neonatal infection or early malnutrition on the metabolic turnover of cyclic A M P in various organs and in synaptosomes in vitro, and (b) the regulatory mechanisms governing the brain level of cyclic AMP. As a measure of metabolic turnover we determined the catabolic activities in terms of production of respiratory 14CO~ from cyclic AMP-8-t4C and its incorporation into various organs and into blood circulation. In addition, we determined the binding activities of synaptosomes for cyclic AMP. We also studied the changes of cyclic A M P caused by neonatal infection or by nutritional deprivation and the enzymatic activities regulating the brain level of nucleotides. Materials and MethodsExperimental Animals and Enterovlrus.--All experiments were carried out with specific pathogen-free mice of the COBS strain (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc., Wilmington, Mass.). The origin and preparation of the mouse enterovirus have been described in an 1Abbre~'iatlon used in this paper: cyclic AMP, adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate.

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Cyclic AMP

Cited by 1,014 publications

References 0 publications

Calcium uptake by subcellular fractions of pancreatic islets. Effects of nucleotides and theophylline

Calcium uptake by subcellular fractions of pancreatic islets. Effects of nucleotides and theophylline

Using guinea pigs in studies relevant to asthma and COPD

Lasting Biological Effects of Early Environmental Influences

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