Cycle-to-cycle Transient Characteristics of Diesel Emissions during Starting

Ogawa, Hideyuki; Raihanl, Khandoker A.; Iizuka, Kenichi; Miyamoto, Noboru

doi:10.4271/1999-01-3495

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The higher the fuel cetane number, the lower the HC emissions. However, the kinematic viscosity of the fuel is directly proportional to emission levels of this component (Ogawa et al, 1999). NO x emissions are generally insignificant, since their order of magnitude is comparable to that found under warm operating conditions with high EGR rates.…”

Section: Emissions During Engine Startingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Broatch

Luján

Ruíz

et al. 2008

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.

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Section: Emissions During Engine Startingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Broatch

Luján

Ruíz

et al. 2008

Int.J Automot. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Starting is distinguished as either cold or hot depending on the respective coolant (and oil) temperature. The former case has initiated much more vigorous research (see, for example, references [10] to [18]) owing to the significantly greater discrepancies experienced by the engine until it manages to reach a self-sustained rotational speed, compared with the relatively 'easier' case of hot starting [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of turbocharged diesel engine operation, exhaust emissions, and combustion noise radiation during starting under cold, warm, and hot conditions

Rakopoulos

Dimaratos

Giakoumis

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Control of performance and transient emissions from turbocharged diesel engines is an important objective for automotive manufacturers, since stringent criteria for exhaust emissions must be met. In particular, (cold) starting is of exceptional importance owing to its significant contribution to the overall emissions during a transient test cycle. In the present work, experimental tests were conducted on a turbocharged and after-cooled bus-truck diesel engine in order to investigate the engine operating behaviour and the formation mechanisms of nitric oxide, smoke, and combustion noise during cold, warm, and hot starting. With this as a target, a fully instrumented test bed was set up, using ultra-fast response analysers capable of capturing the instantaneous development of emissions and various key engine and turbocharger parameters. The experimental test pattern included a variety of starting conditions, defined by the thermal status of the engine (i.e. the coolant temperature) and its idling speed. As expected, turbocharger lag was found to be the major contributor for the pollutant emissions spikes in all cases, with the thermal status of the engine and its idling speed playing important roles in the combustion (in)stability, turbocharger response, and noise radiation.

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“…However, long cranking periods, the emission of large amounts of unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) which appear as white smoke, unstable combustion and even complete engine failure to start [1][2][3][4] are considered as major problems that need to be solved.…”

Section: Chapter 1 Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing effects of recirculated gases during cranking on cold start of diesel engines

Rofail

Henein

Bryzik

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The effect of recirculating engine-out gases into the intake manifold on the cold start of direct-injection diesel engines is investigated. Two types of recirculation are examined. The first is low-pressure recirculation of engine-out gases into the intake manifold where their rate is controlled by a gas recirculation (GR) valve installed between the exhaust and intake manifold. The second is high-pressure recirculation by restricting the flow of the engine-out gases using a butterfly (BF) valve, installed in the exhaust system after the turbocharger to increase the back pressure and the rate of recirculated gases. Since there is no combustion during cranking, these gases contain evaporated hydrocarbons and partial oxidation products, mostly formaldehyde (HCHO). Experimental investigations on a four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine indicated that high rates of cranking gas recirculation (CGR) increase the ignition delay and lengthen the cranking period. Since higher concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) are expected to enhance the autoignition process, it is suspected that the recirculated HCHO would have an opposite effect. These opposing effects are investigated using the ChemKin diesel cycle simulation model. The model results demonstrated the effect of HCHO on slowing the autoignition and combustion reactions.

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Cycle-to-cycle Transient Characteristics of Diesel Emissions during Starting

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Investigation of turbocharged diesel engine operation, exhaust emissions, and combustion noise radiation during starting under cold, warm, and hot conditions

Opposing effects of recirculated gases during cranking on cold start of diesel engines

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