Cycle-Resolved Measurements of Pre-Combustion Fuel Concentration Near the Spark Plug in a Gasoline SI Engine

Koenig, Michael; Hall, Matthew J.

doi:10.4271/981053

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There are several approaches to studying fuel concentrations in an SI engine, including infrared (IR) absorption, planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), Raman scattering, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) or spark emission spectroscopy. A 3.392-μm He-Ne laser was used to obtain fuel concentrations for combustion diagnostics [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. One of the members of our group was the first to investigate the possibility of measuring fuel concentration near the spark plug in a test engine [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local fuel concentration measurement through spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy in a direct-injection hydrogen spark-ignition engine

Rahman

Kawahara

Matsunaga

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Quantitative measurements of local fuel concentrations were conducted in a directinjection hydrogen spark-ignition research engine using the spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) technique. For SIBS measurements, a new sensor was developed from a commercially available M12-type spark plug with no major modifications to the electrodes. The new plug sensor showed better durability and required less maintenance when used in a hydrogen research engine. Emission spectra from the plasma generated by the spark plug were collected through an optical fibre housed in the centre electrode of the plug and resolved spectrally for atomic emissions of H α , O(I), and N(I). The main focus of the present work was to characterise the effects of ambient pressure at ignition timing on spectral line emissions and to improve the accuracy of SIBS measurements by taking into account the pressure dependency of atomic emissions. A significant effect of the corresponding pressure at ignition timing was observed on spark-induced breakdown spectroscopic measurements and emission line characteristics. Retarded spark timing (i.e. higher ambient pressure at the ignition site) resulted in lower spectral line intensities as well as weaker background emissions. It is well established that with relatively higher pressure and density of atoms or molecules, the cooling of expanding plasma accelerates, and the collision probability increases, leading to both a weaker broadband [2] continuum and atomic emissions. A "calibration MAP" representing the correlation of air excess ratio (relative air/fuel ratio) with both intensity ratio and pressure at ignition timing was created and subsequently used for quantitative measurements of local fuel concentrations for both port injection and direct injection strategies to demonstrate and explore the effects of pressure dependency of atomic emission on the accuracy of the SIBS measurements. Local stratification of the fuel mixture in the vicinity of the spark gap location associated with direct injection strategies was confirmed; the coefficient of variation of the local air excess ratio was relatively small for measurements made using the calibration map. This demonstrated that the measurement accuracy of local fuel concentrations through a spark plug sensor can be improved significantly when the pressure dependency of atomic emissions is taken into account.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local fuel concentration measurement through spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy in a direct-injection hydrogen spark-ignition engine

Rahman

Kawahara

Matsunaga

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…The absorption of hydrocarbons in the infrared region is strong and therefore even short absorption pathlengths yield good signal strength. This allowed the integration of absorption setups into spark plugs (koenig and Hall, 1998;Nishiyama et al, 2004;itoh et al, 2006;Berg et al, 2006;kawahara et al, 2007). Some of these devices can also be used to measure carbon dioxide and/or water to monitor residual gases (cundy et al, 2008;Berg et al, 2006).…”

Section: Fuel/air/exhaust Mixingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optical diagnostics for direct injection gasoline engine research and development

Sick

2010

Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development

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“…The absorbed light with a wavelength of about 3.4 µm can then be related to the presence of hydrocarbons or CO 2 . This measurement has proven to be useful in the development of combustion engines [11,14]. The evaluated parameter in this work is the measured fuel destiny in mol/m 3 which is proportional to the absorption of the hydrocarbons…”

Section: Pre-chamber Spark Plugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the air-to-fuel ratio inside a passive pre-chamber of a fired spark-ignition engine

Wippermann

Thiele

Toedter

et al. 2020

Automot. Engine Technol.

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This paper investigates the local air-to-fuel ratio measurement within the pre-chamber of a spark-ignition engine by determining the absorption of light from hydrocarbons using an infrared sensor. The measurement was performed during fired and motored engine operation points and compared to the more common exhaust lambda measurements. The experiment provided data to compare the mixture preparation in a hot and cold environment of pre-chamber and main combustion chamber. The experiment also gives an indication regarding the possible use of a pre-chamber sensor in a motored engine at higher boost pressures and fuel mass flows, operation points that would overheat the sensor in a fired engine. The work also includes the analysis of the fuel delivery into the pre-chamber of a direct and indirect injection engine. Furthermore, pressure and temperature measurement within the pre-chamber provides information about the critical sensor environment and helps to understand the gas exchange between the two volumes.

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Cycle-Resolved Measurements of Pre-Combustion Fuel Concentration Near the Spark Plug in a Gasoline SI Engine

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Local fuel concentration measurement through spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy in a direct-injection hydrogen spark-ignition engine

Local fuel concentration measurement through spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy in a direct-injection hydrogen spark-ignition engine

Optical diagnostics for direct injection gasoline engine research and development

Measurement of the air-to-fuel ratio inside a passive pre-chamber of a fired spark-ignition engine

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