Cycle performance improvement of NaCrO2 cathode by carbon coating for sodium ion batteries

Ding, Jingjing; Zhou, Yong‐Ning; Sun, Qian; Fu, Zheng‐Wen

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2012.06.001

Cited by 152 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[63] The XAS results further demonstrated that Cr 3+ can only be oxidized to Cr 4+ and the larger Cr 4+ is more stable upon Na removal. [63] Recently, Yu et al [64] prepared carbon-coated NaCrO 2 particles with an electrical conductivity of 10 −1 S cm −1 via carbonization of pitch, which exhibited excellent cycling performance and an ultrafast rate capability of up to a rate of 150 C. In short, NaCrO 2 electrodes can deliver an initial discharge capacity of about 100-110 mA h g −1 (0.5 mol Na + ) owing to Cr 3+ /Cr 4+ redox activity, accompanied by an O3-P3 phase transition. Surface coating could be an effective method to improve the electrode performance of NaCrO 2 , which not only delays exothermic decomposition by preventing O-loss from the crystal lattice, but also prevents moisture attack due to its hydrophobic characteristics.…”

Section: Single-metal-based Oxides Peculiar To Sibsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Upon further sodiation, three voltage plateaus are observed, indicating complicated phase transition behavior. Similar to Na 1−x CrO 2 , [58,63] the O3 structure transforms into the O′3 structure via monoclinic distortion upon desodiation. When Na + extraction x > 0.5 in Na 1−x VO 2 , electrode performance deteriorates, explained by the migration of vanadium ions into interslab vacancies.…”

Section: Wwwadvenergymatdementioning

confidence: 99%

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Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Wang

You

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

616

464

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sources into large-scale grids, inexpensive, efficient, and fast-responding electrical energy storage (EES) systems are essential to store the off-peak energy and releasing the stored energy during the onpeak period. Among various EES systems, rechargeable batteries represent one of the most competitive technologies because of their high conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. [1][2][3][4] For stationary EES systems, batteries with low cost, high safety, high rate capability, and long cycle stability are highly desired.Lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) have achieved great success in the market of portable electronics and electric vehicles since their commercialization by Sony Company in 1991. However, the shortage of Li resources in nature gives rise to a concern about its sustainable development in grid scale. Compared with Li, sodium resource has rich natural abundance in the earth crust and a worldwide distribution, consequently leading to a low price of sodium-based raw materials (e.g., the cost of Na 2 CO 3 is about 25-30 times lower than that of Li 2 CO 3 ). Besides, sodium has a suitable redox potential (E 0 (Na + /Na) = −2.71 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), 0.3 V above that of Li + /Li) and similar physical and chemical properties with lithium. [5,6] Therefore, rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which have a similar "rockingchair" working principle of LIBs, are emerging as an appealing choice as alternatives for LIBs. Note that it is difficult for SIBs to bypass LIBs in terms of energy densities because of the much higher weight of Na and lower standard electrochemical potential. [7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, the use of low-cost materials, including inexpensive Na-based raw materials and Al current collectors for both cathodes and anodes in SIBs, could significantly reduce the cost. In this case, SIBs could be applied where cost-effectiveness rather than energy density is the most critical issue, e.g., in the field of large-scale EES. As a result, sodiumbased electroactive materials are enjoying renewed interest especially for very low cost systems for grid storage. [11,12] Given that cathode materials are the key component that determines energy density and cost, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring suitable positive electrode materials with high reversible capacity, rapid Na ions insertion/extraction, and good cycling stability in the past few years. [13,14] A broad range of compounds, including layered oxides, polyanionic frameworks, hexacyanoferrates, and organics, haveThe increasing demand for replacing conventional fossil fuels with clean energy or economical and sustainable energy storage drives better battery research today. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a promising alternative for grid-scale storage applications due to their similar "rockingchair" sodium storage mechanism to lithium-ion batteries, the natural abundance, and the low cost of Na resources. Searching for appropriate electrode materials with acceptable electrochemical perfor...

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Section: Single-metal-based Oxides Peculiar To Sibsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Wwwadvenergymatdementioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Wang

You

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

616

464

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[23] Numerous reports have indicated that the use of conductive carbon and/ormetal oxidesonthe surface as acoating results in enhanced cycling stability for various energy-storage materials. [24,25] However,t he presence of inactivec arbon on the surfaced ecreased the initial capacity value. [26] On the other hand, metal-oxide coatings not only improvet he electrochemical stability of the cathode but also increase the initial capacity value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Highly Stable Na_2/3(Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13)O₂ Cathode Modified by Atomic Layer Deposition for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2015

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For the first time, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2 O3 was adopted to enhance the cyclic stability of layered P2-type Na2/3 (Mn0.54 Ni0.13 Co0.13 )O2 (MNC) cathodes for use in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Discharge capacities of approximately 120, 123, 113, and 105 mA h g(-1) were obtained for the pristine electrode and electrodes coated with 2, 5, and 10 ALD cycles, respectively. All electrodes were cycled at the 1C discharge current rate for voltages between 2 and 4.5 V in 1 M NaClO4 electrolyte. Among the electrodes tested, the Al2 O3 coating from 2 ALD cycles (MNC-2) exhibited the best electrochemical stability and rate capability, whereas the electrode coated by 10 ALD cycles (MNC-10) displayed the highest columbic efficiency (CE), which exceeded 97 % after 100 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical stability observed for ALD-coated electrodes could be a result of the protection effects and high band-gap energy (Eg =9.00 eV) of the Al2 O3 coating layer. Additionally, the metal-oxide coating provides structural stability against mechanical stresses occurring during the cycling process. The capacity, cyclic stability, and rate performance achieved for the MNC electrode coated with 2 ALD cycles of Al2 O3 reveal the best results for SIBs. This study provides a promising route toward increasing the stability and CE of electrode materials for SIB application.

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“…One elegant method is to enclose such layered O3-type NaCrO 2 in a carbon open framework. Yu et al synthesized a 10 nm carbon-layer-coated NaCrO 2 cathode material via an emulsion-drying method, exhibiting an excellent capacity retention with superior rate capability up to a rate of 50C (105 mA h g −1 ) and good stability after 300 cycles, which corresponds to full discharge during 27 s, as shown in Figure 4b-c. [59,60] A carbon coating with an appropriate ratio (3.4%) can effectively retain the layered structure, as shown in Figure 4a. Another effective strategy is to reduce the concentration of Cr 4+ triplets through chemical substitutions with other cation to form multi-cation metal oxides in order that the degree of Cr 4+ disproportionation is reduced.…”

Section: Single Transition-metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[56] It is found that a polypyrrole coating can lead to enhanced capacity values of 120 mA h g −1 at C/10 even after 100 cycles. [57] Besides the abovementioned Na-insertion oxides, other alternatives have also been intensively studied to achieve highperformance electrochemical activities for SIB cathodes, such as NaCrO 2 , [58][59][60] NaNiO 2 , [61] NaNbO 2 , [62] and NaV x O y . [63][64][65][66][67] All of these sodium single-transition oxides can be easily synthesized in air via solid-state reactions, co-precipitation routes, and hydrothermal methods.…”

Section: Single Transition-metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: What Determines Our Choices?

et al. 2017

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lithium with cheaper alternatives might make future batteries less susceptible to price fluctuations when the market expands. [5] This concern has in turn spawned a flurry of research activity to look beyond LIB technology. In view of the various rechargeable batteries, sodiumion batteries (SIBs) that consist of a main element of seawater made their presence felt in the battery industry due to their chemical similarity (e.g., only 0.3 V more positive than lithium) but higher abundance compared to lithium, [6] as illustrated in Table 1. SIBs work in the same way as LIBs in that they involve the reversible migration of cations/anions across a separator toward the electrodes to realize voltage-driven electrochemical reactions. [7] The upward trend for sodium-ion battery research is driven by the concern over the scarcity and price rise of lithium. Hence, these major merits, as well as the suitable redox potential (E = 0.3 V vs Li) make the SIB an appropriate choice as a rechargeable battery system.In fact, SIBs started almost in parallel with LIBs in the 1980s but the development of LIBs eventually eclipsed SIBs due to the electrochemical performances of SIBs. [8,9] A major obstacle is that it is difficult to get a sodium host material with comparable operating voltage and capacity as the LIB analogs. Firstly, the larger Na + radius (0.98 Å) than that of Li + (0.69 Å) leads to the kinetically sluggish Na + insertion/extraction and transport cross the host-material framework, which will always make the specific capacity and rate capacity largely degraded. [10] Secondly, the larger volume expansion caused by Na + insertion will also bring a change in the phase and lattice of the host materials, making it difficult to achieve a favorable electrochemical stability compared with the LIB counterparts. [11] In addition, they also suffer from a lower specific energy than LIBs, due to the lower potential and larger atomic weight of sodium. It is still a challenge to build an affordable Na-host materials endowed with a high specific energy (e.g., 500 W h kg −1 in LIBs). [12] Recently, the topic of SIBs was revisited in the hope of exploring possible ways to overcome the concerns about the low energy density and poor cycling life of SIBs.In spite of the above distinct drawbacks, SIBs can actually behave slightly differently in some chemical aspects. For instance, sodium does not react with aluminum, which is contrary to the alloying tendency of lithium. In the commercial market, manufacturers could appreciate this "inertness" to reduce the production cost of batteries by substituting the Among the various energy solutions, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an important role in the process of the transition from fossil fuels to renewables. However, the necessity to replace lithium with cheaper alternatives due to its scarcity has recently attracted great interest to developing sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Hence, the discovery and development of suitable cathode materials that exhibit high specific capacity, good cycling stabil...

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Cycle performance improvement of NaCrO2 cathode by carbon coating for sodium ion batteries

Cited by 152 publications

References 19 publications

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Highly Stable Na_2/3(Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13)O₂ Cathode Modified by Atomic Layer Deposition for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: What Determines Our Choices?

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Cycle performance improvement of NaCrO2 cathode by carbon coating for sodium ion batteries

Cited by 152 publications

References 19 publications

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Highly Stable Na2/3(Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13)O2 Cathode Modified by Atomic Layer Deposition for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: What Determines Our Choices?

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Highly Stable Na_2/3(Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13)O₂ Cathode Modified by Atomic Layer Deposition for Sodium‐Ion Batteries