Cycle and calendar life study of a graphite|LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Li-ion high energy system. Part A: Full cell characterization

Käbitz, Stefan; Gerschler, Jochen Bernhard; Ecker, Madeleine; Yurdagel, Yusuf; Emmermacher, Brita; André, Dave; Mitsch, Tim; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.045

Cited by 194 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Increased cell temperatures in excess of 45°C have long been identified as a key contributor to accelerated cell degradation, due to accelerated growth of the passivating solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer at the anode and increased rate of undesired side reactions as reported within [35][36][37]. Furthermore, temperature gradients within cells through the central plane have been reported to also contribute to accelerated degradation [38,39].…”

Section: Hp Cycle Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duty-cycle characterisation of large-format automotive lithium ion pouch cells for high performance vehicle applications

Kellner

Worwood

Barai

et al. 2018

Journal of Energy Storage

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A B S T R A C TThe long-term behaviour of lithium ion batteries in high-performance (HP) electric vehicle (EV) applications is not well understood due to a lack of suitable testing cycles and experimental data. As such a generic HP duty cycle (HP-C), representing driving on a race track is validated, and six NMC graphite cells are characterised with respect to cycle-life. To enable a comparison between the HP-EV environment and conventional road driving, two test groups of cells are subject to an experimental evaluation over 200 duty cycles that includes a representative HP-C and a standard duty cycle from the IEC 62660-1 standard (IECC). After testing, both test groups display increased energy capacity, increased pure Ohmic resistance, lower charge transfer resistance an extended OCV operating window. The changes are more pronounced for cells subject to the HP-C. Based on capacity tests, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), pseudo-OCV tests, and Pulse Multisine Characterisation, it is concluded that the changes in cell characteristics are most likely caused by cracking of the electrode material caused by high electrical current pulses. With continued cycling, cells cycled with the HP-C are expected to show degradation at an increased rate due to raised temperatures, and more pronounced electrode cracking.

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Section: Hp Cycle Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duty-cycle characterisation of large-format automotive lithium ion pouch cells for high performance vehicle applications

Kellner

Worwood

Barai

et al. 2018

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…Calendaric aging has been found to be driven by the state of charge (SoC) and temperature (T). Many analyses have revealed a doubling of the degradation when temperature increases by 10 • C. This relationship is usually described by the Arrhenius law (∼ exp(− E a RT )) (with the universal gas constant R and the activation Energy for the capacity fade process E a ) (for example: [12], [13], [14]). Recapitulatory, calendaric aging leads to a monotonically declining capacity with time, while the decline is typically fostered with higher temperatures and higher SoCs [11].…”

Section: Drivers Of Li-ion Battery Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the accumulated ampere-hours the battery has experienced. The functional relationship is frequently described by a square root function ( √ Q) [13], [14]. A high depth of discharge (DoD) -the SoC range in which cycling occurs -increases degradation rate, while a low DoD around a medium SoC (SoC) is expected to de-crease degradation rate [11], [10].…”

Section: Drivers Of Li-ion Battery Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Data Selection and Reduction for Electric Vehicle Service Analytics

Schoch

Staudt

Setzer

2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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Battery electric vehicles (BEV) are increasingly used in mobility services such as car-sharing. A severe problem with BEV is battery degradation, leading to a reduction of the already very limited range of a BEV. Analytic models are required to determine the impact of service usage to provide guidance on how to drive and charge and also to support service tasks such as predictive maintenance. However, while the increasing number of sensor data in automotive applications allows for more fine-grained model parameterization and better predictive outcomes, in practical settings the amount of storage and transmission bandwidth is limited by technical and economical considerations. By means of a simulation-based analysis, dynamic user behavior is simulated based on real-world driving profiles parameterized by different driver characteristics and ambient conditions. We find that by using a shrinked subset of variables the required storage can be reduced considerably at low costs in terms of only slightly decreased predictive accuracy.

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“…An average vehicle lifetime of about 12 years in Germany defines the needed calendric lifetime. Aging studies such as [4] show that the cycle lifetime of automotive cells is more than sufficient to fulfill these passenger vehicle requirements. Moreover, in the currently available vehicles, a relatively large driving range is guaranteed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a good part of the battery remains mostly unused, resulting in second use concepts for grid stabilization (see e.g., [7][8][9]) in order not to waste the expensive systems due to calendric aging. Calendric aging occurs no matter whether the battery is cycled or not [4,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Design for Successful Electrification in Public Transport

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Public transport is an especially promising sector for full electric vehicles due to the high amount of cycles and predictable workload. This leads to a high amount of different vehicle concepts ranging from large batteries, designed for a full day of operation without charging, to fast-charging systems with charging power up to a few hundred kilowatts. Hence, many different issues have to be addressed in the whole design and production process regarding high-voltage (HV) batteries for buses. In this work, the design process for electric public buses is analyzed in detail, based on two systems developed by the research projects Smart Wheels/econnect and SEB eÖPNV. The complete development process starting, with the demand analysis and the operating scenario, including the charging routine, is discussed. This paper also features details on cell selection and cost estimations as well as technical details on the system layout, such as the management system and passive components as well as thermal management.

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Cycle and calendar life study of a graphite|LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Li-ion high energy system. Part A: Full cell characterization

Cited by 194 publications

References 18 publications

Duty-cycle characterisation of large-format automotive lithium ion pouch cells for high performance vehicle applications

Duty-cycle characterisation of large-format automotive lithium ion pouch cells for high performance vehicle applications

Smart Data Selection and Reduction for Electric Vehicle Service Analytics

Battery Design for Successful Electrification in Public Transport

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