Cybersickness provoked by head-mounted display affects cutaneous vascular tone, heart rate and reaction time

Nalivaiko, Eugene; Davis, Simon; Blackmore, Karen; Nesbitt, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.032

Cited by 28 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Together, the increase in sympathetic and the decrease in parasympathetic activities resulted in an increased heart rate in stressful scenarios compared to control scenarios. In [9,14,32], the average heart rate reactivity was 5-8 beats per second; in the study [1], subjects with high subjective estimates of nausea had an increase in heart rate of 13 beats per second. In studies [1,9], an increase in heart rate had positive relationships with nausea, which also had negative relationships with the length of stay in a stressful environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…A subject's locomotion in a virtual environment evokes a side effect of VIMS, such as drowsiness, dizziness, pallor, cold sweat, oculomotor disturbances, nausea, and (rarely) vomiting [8]. In the virtual Roller Coaster simulation, VIMS scores had a positive correlation with the maximum nausea score during the ride and a negative correlation with the duration of the ride [1,9]. However, the illusory sensations of own body movement (vection) and VIMS are not identical and have a complex indirect connection, because vection may occur without VIMS [10] and vice versa [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of immersion is determined by the technological characteristics of VR medium, such as HMD resolution, frame rate, field of view, stereoscopy, stereo sound, tracking accuracy, and speed. For instance, more photorealistic graphics in a virtual environment have a positive effect on immersion [1]. Another factor is the magnitude of sensory stimulation-the effect of immersion is greater in the case of simultaneous stimulation of more sensory systems, congruence of stimulations of different modalities, and its intensity [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Too Real to Be Virtual: Autonomic and EEG Responses to Extreme Stress Scenarios in Virtual Reality

Fadeev

Smirnov

Zhigalova³

et al. 2020

Behavioural Neurology

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The evolution of virtual reality (VR) technologies requires setting boundaries of its use. In this study, 3 female participants were experiencing VR scenarios with stressful content and their activity of the autonomic nervous system and EEG were recorded. It has been discovered that virtual reality can evoke acute stress reactions accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system and a decrease in the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. The high-stress response is accompanied by a decrease in the power of the EEG, and, on the contrary, the activation of the avoidance reaction is accompanied by an increase in the power of the EEG alpha waves. Therefore, the use of stressful VR content can cause high emotional stress to a user and restrictions should be considered.

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mentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Too Real to Be Virtual: Autonomic and EEG Responses to Extreme Stress Scenarios in Virtual Reality

Fadeev

Smirnov

Zhigalova³

et al. 2020

Behavioural Neurology

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“…Similarly, Dennison et al measured physiological changes of participants during VR use and found out that changes in breathing, stomach activity, and blinking are related to cybersickness and can be used to predict the severity of it. Nalivaiko et al conducted a study by dividing the sample into two groups based on initial skin temperature and discovered that cybersickness caused an increase in skin temperature for the group with lower initial temperature.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prevalent alternative to the use of questionnaires is collecting physiological measurements. Skin temperature, heart rate, electrogastrogram, electrocardiogram, electrooculogram, galvanic skin response, photoplethysmogram, and breathing rate have been utilized to estimate cybersickness …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of the affective and physiological responses induced by dynamic virtual reality environments

Cebeci

Çelikcan

Çapın

2019

Computer Animation & Virtual

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Previous studies showed that virtual reality (VR) environments can affect emotional state and cause significant changes in physiological responses. Aside from these effects, inadvertently induced cybersickness is a notorious problem faced in VR. In this study, to further investigate the effects of virtual environments (VEs) with different context, three dynamic VEs were created. Each VE had a particular purpose: evoking no emotion in Campfire (CF), unpleasant emotions in Hospital (HH), and cybersickness symptoms in Roller Coaster (RC). We made use of objective measurements of physiological responses such as pupil dilation, blinks, fixations, saccades, and heart rate, as well as subjective self‐assessments via pre‐ and post‐VE session questionnaires. While previous studies investigate different subsets of these measures, our study makes a comprehensive analysis of them jointly in dynamic VEs. The results of the study indicate that cybersickness produced higher saccade mean speed, whereas unpleasant context caused higher fixation count, saccade rate, and pupil dilation. Moreover, CF decreased anxiety, whereas HH and RC increased it and they also decreased comfort. Participants felt cybersickness in all VEs even in CF which is designed to minimize the effects.

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The Construction and Validation of the SP-IE Questionnaire: An Instrument for Measuring Spatial Presence in Immersive Environments

Khenak

Vézien

Bourdot

2019

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality

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The present study describes the construction and validation of an instrument for measuring spatial presence (the sense of "being there") in the context of highly immersive environments: the SP-IE [Spatial Presence for Immersive Environments] questionnaire, for use in the French-speaking community. A first raw version of the questionnaire was submitted to an item selection procedure and reliability tests with 67 participants. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 179 participants was then employed on the resulting version of the questionnaire to explore its underlying scales. Finally, the outcome scale-structure from the EFA was evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). This process resulted in a well-structured 20-item questionnaire, based on seven scales: (i) the sense of spatial presence, (ii) the affordance of the environment, (iii) the user's enjoyment, (iv) the user's attention allocation to the task, (v) the sense of reality attributed to the environment, (vi) the social embodiment with avatars, and (vii) the possible negative effects of the environment (cybersickness). Results showed overall good internal consistency and satisfactory convergent validity of the scales. The fit indexes obtained (X²/df = 1.34, GFI = .95, CFI= .90 , TLI = .87, SRMR = .068 , and RSMEA = .045) demonstrated a good fitness of the structure proposed. However, even though the scale structure proposed in this paper was confirmed, its low discriminant validity encourages further evaluations.

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Cybersickness provoked by head-mounted display affects cutaneous vascular tone, heart rate and reaction time

Abstract: Cybersickness provoked by head-mounted display affects cutaneous vascular tone, heart rate and reaction time.

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Too Real to Be Virtual: Autonomic and EEG Responses to Extreme Stress Scenarios in Virtual Reality

Too Real to Be Virtual: Autonomic and EEG Responses to Extreme Stress Scenarios in Virtual Reality

A comprehensive study of the affective and physiological responses induced by dynamic virtual reality environments

The Construction and Validation of the SP-IE Questionnaire: An Instrument for Measuring Spatial Presence in Immersive Environments

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