Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Questionnaire (CSQ-VR): A Validation and Comparison against SSQ and VRSQ

Abstract

<p>Cybersickness is a drawback of virtual reality (VR), which also affects the cognitive and motor skills of the users. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), and its variant, the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) are two tools that measure cybersickness. However, both tools suffer from important limitations, which raises concerns about their suitability. Two versions of the Cybersickness in VR Questionnaire (CSQ-VR), a paper-and-pencil and a 3D –VR version, were developed. Validation and comparison of CSQ-VR against SSQ and VRSQ were performed. Thirty-nine participants were exposed to 3 rides with linear and angular accelerations in VR. Assessments of cognitive and psychomotor skills were performed at baseline and after each ride. The validity of both versions of CSQ_VR was confirmed. Notably, CSQ-VR demonstrated substantially better internal consistency than both SSQ and VRSQ. Also, CSQ-VR scores had significantly better psychometric properties in detecting a temporary decline in performance due to cybersickness. Pupil size was a significant predictor of cybersickness intensity. In conclusion, the CSQ-VR is a valid assessment of cybersickness, with superior psychometric properties to SSQ and VRSQ. The CSQ-VR enables the assessment of cybersickness during VR exposure, and it benefits from examining pupil size, a biomarker of cybersickness. </p>

Predicting VR cybersickness and its impact on visuomotor performance using head rotations and field (in)dependence

“…Many individual characteristics (or human factors) are suggested as modulating and/or moderating the appearance of cybersickness symptoms, for example, age (Jasper et al, 2023), the experience of video games and other virtual practices (Howarth and Hodder, 2008;Maneuvrier et al, 2020;2022;Kourtesis et al, 2023), and obviously the sense of presence (Weech et al, 2019;Maneuvrier et al, 2020;2022). Sense of presence is the qualia "of being there" (Heeter, 1992;Sheridan, 1992), essential to the ecological use of VR (Parsons, 2015;Cummings and Bailenson, 2016).…”