“…Recent cybersecurity education literature has focused on developments in cybersecurity curricula (Association of Computing Machinery, 2020;, qualifications and accreditation Crick, Davenport, Irons, Pearce, & Prickett, 2019), pedagogy and practice (Crick, Davenport, Hanna, Irons, & Prickett, 2020;Irons, 2019) to increase the number of cybersecurity professionals, in both the UK and internationally (Irons, Savage, Maple, & Davies, 2016;Ruiz, Shukla, & Kazemian, 2020). There has been little research published to date on the online learning, teaching and assessment environment as a cyber target in its own right.…”