“…However, the development of cyber security attacks has meant that there is a need to address this talent shortage with individuals who possess the appropriate cyber security skills [20,34]. This has led to an increased emphasis for including cyber security within education [14,19,23,32]. While basic IT literacy has been ingrained throughout most English educational stages [9], cyber security content is only present in advanced computing courses resulting in the distribution of key skills to a minority, despite the current high demand for cyber security professionals [40].…”