Cyberbullying in Pakistan: Positioning the Aggressor, Victim, and Bystander

Rafi, Muhammad Shaban

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3827661

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Despite its revelations, this research has limitations that leave room for future work. Emojis were not considered in our analysis of cyberbullying comments; however, the coding process showed that commenters often expressed attack intentions via emojis (Miller et al, 2016;Rafi, 2019). We therefore recommend that follow-up research delve further into individuals' comments, particularly decoding images and emojis (e.g., Hettiarachchi and Ranasinghe, 2019;Kumari and Singh, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al (2019) found that bullying words were useful for classifying cyberbullying in Japan, with informal language and emerging words in tweets affecting the results of sentiment analysis. Research from Pakistan showed that cyberbullies attacked the victim's appearance through comparisons and certain discourse markers (e.g., capitalization, punctuation, and mathematical symbols; Rafi, 2019). Tan et al (2019) examined linguistic features of cyberbullying among Malaysian youth from the perspectives of victims, perpetrators, and bystanders.…”

Section: Linguistic Features Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with using emotive expressions, improper punctuation use is common in emotional expression (Ying et al, 2012;Salminen et al, 2020). Cyberbullies may use certain discourse markers (e.g., punctuation and mathematical symbols) to accentuate their messages (Rafi, 2019). Punctuation abuse was found to be particularly frequent in instances of Chinese cyberbullying, especially overusing exclamation points and question marks.…”

Section: General Linguistic Features Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To Be Ethical and Responsible Digital Citizens or Not: A Linguistic Analysis of Cyberbullying on Social Media

et al. 2022

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As a worldwide epidemic in the digital age, cyberbullying is a pertinent but understudied concern—especially from the perspective of language. Elucidating the linguistic features of cyberbullying is critical both to preventing it and to cultivating ethical and responsible digital citizens. In this study, a mixed-method approach integrating lexical feature analysis, sentiment polarity analysis, and semantic network analysis was adopted to develop a deeper understanding of cyberbullying language. Five cyberbullying cases on Chinese social media were analyzed to uncover explicit and implicit linguistic features. Results indicated that cyberbullying comments had significantly different linguistic profiles than non-bullying comments and that explicit and implicit bullying were distinct. The content of cases further suggested that cyberbullying language varied in the use of words, types of cyberbullying, and sentiment polarity. These findings offer useful insight for designing automatic cyberbullying detection tools for Chinese social networking platforms. Implications also offer guidance for regulating cyberbullying and fostering ethical and responsible digital citizens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linguistic Features Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Linguistic Features Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To Be Ethical and Responsible Digital Citizens or Not: A Linguistic Analysis of Cyberbullying on Social Media

et al. 2022

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“…Some may steal personal information and use it for other unlawful purposes, while others may engage in persistent cyberbullying. According to research conducted by Rafi (2019) in Pakistan, the most common causes of cyberbullying are the victims' careless and naive usage of social media platforms and offline confrontations.…”

Section: Figure 02: Common Social Media Platforms For Cybercrimes Vic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-Crime Victimization through Social Media: An Exploratory Study of Victims in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Hyder¹

2022

AHSS

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This qualitative exploratory study used data from Hyderabad, Sindh law enforcement authorities. The researcher interviewed 30 cybercrime victims, 14 females and 16 males aged 19-32, and also collected factual records of 349 social media-related cybercrimes. The study's goals were achieved using thematic analysis. The study's goals are to determine which types of cybercrime are committed on social media, which platform is most often used, and the characteristics of cyber victims. According to the findings, the most common social media cybercrimes are investment/financial scams, online job fraud, sending obscene content, harassment, defamation, religious hate content, and identity theft. Moreover, Facebook, WhatsApp, Gmail, TikTok, Messenger, Twitter, and LinkedIn are all popular cybercrime victimization sites. Interviews with cyber victims highlighted the hallmarks of online victimization, including cyber-relationship addiction, wanting attention/popularity, compulsive online purchasing, and gullibility. The accompanying research also offers practical suggestions for preventing social media cyber victimization.

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“…So, the present research will take adolescents as a sample. In Pakistani youth, the prevalence of cyberbullying varies from 9-90% (Rafi, 2019;Saleem et al, 2021). There is a need to have a clear definition of cyberbullying that could help to create reliable and valid instruments (Olweus & Limber, 2018;Vandebosch & Cleemput, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Definition of Cyberbullying and its Forms From the Perspective of Adolescents Living in Pakistan

Iqbal

Jami

2022

Psychol Stud

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Cyberbullying in Pakistan: Positioning the Aggressor, Victim, and Bystander

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

To Be Ethical and Responsible Digital Citizens or Not: A Linguistic Analysis of Cyberbullying on Social Media

To Be Ethical and Responsible Digital Citizens or Not: A Linguistic Analysis of Cyberbullying on Social Media

Cyber-Crime Victimization through Social Media: An Exploratory Study of Victims in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Exploring Definition of Cyberbullying and its Forms From the Perspective of Adolescents Living in Pakistan

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