Cyberbullying: A narrative review

Abstract

A literature search was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO to locate cyberbullying research that was published during the last 4 years. In this narrative review, cyberbullying research is briefl y summarized and critiqued. The review is focused on the varying defi nitions and characteristics of cyberbullies, victims and bystanders. Highly variable prevalence rates have been reported for cyberbullies, victims and bystanders as a function of age, gender, country, size of the social network and socioeconomic factors. In addition, the effects of cyberbullying are reviewed including the frequent suicide attempts along with risk factors/predictors of cyberbullying which include previous cyberbullying, excessive internet use and lack of empathy, anger, narcissism and authoritarian/permissive parenting. To refl ect the recent literature, special attention is given to the studies on victims of bullying. Research on cyberbullies and on prevention/intervention programs for bullying is extremely limited despite the increasing prevalence of bullying and the rapidly accumulating literature. Methodological limitations include the primary focus on the prevalence of bullying and on the victims of bullying. Longitudinal, multivariate studies are needed to identify profi les on risk factors for bullying that can inform prevention programs.

Does the Association of Social Media Use with Problematic Internet Behaviours Predict Undergraduate Students Academic Procrastination?

“…However, behavioural tendencies in online activities that could interfere with adolescents' mental health and academic successes have been documented (Deschamps & McNutt, 2016;Nixon, 2014). Field (2018) is of the view that the widespread use of electronic devices and social networks has resulted in Internet addiction and cyberbullying. Negative side effects result from problematic Internet use (PIU).…”

Exploring the Mediating Roles of State and Trait Anxiety on the Relationship between Middle Adolescents’ Cyberbullying and Depression

“…In addition to intentionality, imbalance of power, and repetition as common features with traditional bullying, cyberbullying involves modern technology [ 10 , 11 ]. Features such as anonymity, a possible larger audience, and the possibility of perpetuating the aggressive act at any time, in addition to the physical distance that separates the victim from the aggressor, significantly contribute to the increasing prevalence of the cyberbullying phenomenon [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Relationship between Assertive Communication and Cyber-​​bullying in Adolescents

“…Socioeconomic conditions can cause low self-esteem in children due to the inability of the family to meet their daily needs, or even vice versa. Adolescents who come from families who are in financial terms have a tendency to bully other teenagers (12)(13)(14). The use of social media differs between women and men (7,13,(15)(16)(17).…”

“…Adolescents who come from families who are in financial terms have a tendency to bully other teenagers (12)(13)(14). The use of social media differs between women and men (7,13,(15)(16)(17). The disturbances experienced by adolescent victims of cyber bullying are psychological and emotional disorders, namely feelings of fear, feelings of terror, anxiety, suffering, sadness, stress and depression symptoms (18)(19)(20).…”