Cyber Security Risk Assessment of Communication Network of Substation Based on Improved Grey Clustering

Evaluation of Operational Risk in Power Substations and Its Rational Reduction on the Basis of Multicriteria Allocating Resources

“…In [42], a model is applied to evaluate the financial risk of a power substation project. The author of [43] presents a method introduced to conduct an information security risk assessment for a power substation communication system using the AHP and Delphi method with a combination of the Gray theory. In [44], the authors propose an intelligent substation information security assessment tool to prevent cyber-attacks.…”

Risk Assessment for the Power Grid Dispatching Process Considering the Impact of Cyber Systems

“…Other research on CPS mainly focused on the impacts of a cyber system on a physical system, specifically related to the security of a cyber system against cyber-attacks [26][27][28][29][30], and the reliability of CPS components [31][32][33][34][35][36]; this paper is focused on the latter. In this context, reliability assessment models of smart grids, considering direct and indirect cyber-power interdependencies, were proposed in [31][32][33].…”

“…Load shedding at buses, resulting from the operation constraints of the power system. It is represented by I Shd and calculated by (17)- (29), which are given as the optimal power flow models.…”

“…Constraint (25) and Equations (26)- (27) show that the capacity of lines should be equal to or lower than their maximum capacity. Constraints (28) and (29) guarantee that the active and reactive load shedding is equal to or lower than their active and reactive load, respectively.…”

“…Then, calculate risk probabilities of s Rnd FN,ij and s Rnd FF,ij by (9)-(14) according to the reliability of components and grid parameters. Finally, calculate risk consequences of such grid states by (15)-(29).…”