Cyber security of robots: A comprehensive survey

Botta, Alessio; Rotbei, Sayna; Zinno, Stefania; Ventre, Giorgio

doi:10.1016/j.iswa.2023.200237

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, as levels of autonomy and responsibility increase in robotics for nuclear, cybersecurity measures must also increase to ensure the safe deployment. Cyberattacks including issues, vulnerabilities, threats, risk and nature of cybersecurity threats are areas that cyber attackers can exploit when gaining access to systems [123][124][125]. Therefore, there is a requirement for watchdog agents to monitor security measures where either the robot or human operator may become compromised, hereby ensuring the run-time integrity of SMuRF assets.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned: Symbiotic autonomous robot ecosystem for nuclear environments

Mitchell,

Emor Baniqued,

Zahid

et al. 2023

IET Cyber-Syst and Robotics

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Nuclear facilities have a regulatory requirement to measure radiation levels within Post Operational Clean Out (POCO) around nuclear facilities each year, resulting in a trend towards robotic deployments to gain an improved understanding during nuclear decommissioning phases. The UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority supports the view that human‐in‐the‐loop (HITL) robotic deployments are a solution to improve procedures and reduce risks within radiation characterisation of nuclear sites. The authors present a novel implementation of a Cyber‐Physical System (CPS) deployed in an analogue nuclear environment, comprised of a multi‐robot (MR) team coordinated by a HITL operator through a digital twin interface. The development of the CPS created efficient partnerships across systems including robots, digital systems and human. This was presented as a multi‐staged mission within an inspection scenario for the heterogeneous Symbiotic Multi‐Robot Fleet (SMuRF). Symbiotic interactions were achieved across the SMuRF where robots utilised automated collaborative governance to work together, where a single robot would face challenges in full characterisation of radiation. Key contributions include the demonstration of symbiotic autonomy and query‐based learning of an autonomous mission supporting scalable autonomy and autonomy as a service. The coordination of the CPS was a success and displayed further challenges and improvements related to future MR fleets.

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Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned: Symbiotic autonomous robot ecosystem for nuclear environments

Mitchell,

Emor Baniqued,

Zahid

et al. 2023

IET Cyber-Syst and Robotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In contrast to prior surveys that focus on specific security aspects in AI-Robotic systems, ranging from attacks on operating systems, networks, and the physical layer [29], information faults [30], to ensuring secure communication in IoTs [30], [31], and securing trust between operators and cobots in automation and construction domains [32], our paper sets itself apart by seamlessly integrating attack surfaces and mitigation strategies, ethical and legal concerns, and HRI security dimensions, providing a comprehensive review across these critical areas. On a taxonomic front, Jahan et al, [33] employs a classification approach akin to our paper, albeit with a focus solely on autonomous systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Considerations in AI-Robotics: A Survey of Current Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities

Neupane,

Mitra,

Fernandez

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been inextricably intertwined since their inception. Today, AI-Robotics systems have become an integral part of our daily lives, from robotic vacuum cleaners to semi-autonomous cars. These systems are built upon three fundamental architectural elements: perception, navigation and planning, and control. However, while the integration of AI in Robotics systems has enhanced the quality of our lives, it has also presented a serious problem -these systems are vulnerable to security attacks. The physical components, algorithms, and data that makeup AI-Robotics systems can be exploited by malicious actors, potentially leading to dire consequences. Motivated by the need to address the security concerns in AI-Robotics systems, this paper presents a comprehensive survey and taxonomy across three dimensions: attack surfaces, ethical and legal concerns, and Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) security. Our goal is to provide readers, developers and other stakeholders with a holistic understanding of these areas to enhance the overall AI-Robotics system security. We begin by identifying potential attack surfaces and provide mitigating defensive strategies. We then delve into ethical issues, such as dependency and psychological impact, as well as the legal concerns regarding accountability for these systems. Besides, emerging trends such as HRI are discussed, considering privacy, integrity, safety, trustworthiness, and explainability concerns. Finally, we present our vision for future research directions in this dynamic and promising field.

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