Cyber security in New Space

Manulis, Mark; Bridges, C. P.; Harrison, Robert; Sekar, Venkkatesh; Davis, Andrew R.

doi:10.1007/s10207-020-00503-w

Cited by 91 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Even limited access to the satellite and ground station could exacerbate vulnerabilities due to side channels. The security of the QKD system is thus predicated on ensuring a hostile party has no access to either the satellite or the ground station [271]. With the number of space quantum missions increasing, orbital congestion will further strain successful operation of satellitebased quantum communications.…”

Section: Security Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in space quantum communications

Sidhu

Joshi

Gündoğan

et al. 2021

IET Quantum Communication

155

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Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum Internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum communications are a front-runner with quantum networks already implemented in several metropolitan areas. A number of recent proposals have modelled the use of space segments to overcome range limitations of purely terrestrial networks. Rapid progress in the design of quantum devices have enabled their deployment in space for in-orbit demonstrations. We review developments in this emerging area of space-based quantum technologies and provide a roadmap of key milestones towards a complete, global quantum networked landscape. Small satellites hold increasing promise to provide a cost effective coverage required to realise the quantum Internet. The state of art in small satellite missions is reviewed and the most current in-field demonstrations of quantum cryptography are collated. The important challenges in space quantum technologies that must be overcome and recent efforts to mitigate their effects are summarised. A perspective on future developments that would improve the performance of space quantum communications is included. The authors conclude with a discussion on fundamental physics experiments that could take advantage of a global, space-based quantum network.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Security Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in space quantum communications

Sidhu

Joshi

Gündoğan

et al. 2021

IET Quantum Communication

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Historically, the cost and complexity of developing and deploying space infrastructure was so vast that it was accessible only to the most well-funded government and commercial entities. However, a 'New Space' revolution is underway, bringing orbital operations within the reach of a far larger number of entities, enabled by the development of flexible, commodity hardware; multi-tenanted launches; and an ecosystem of support services that have come about together [1].…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satellite architecture is one of the key changes in the shift towards low-cost 'small sats' [8]. This has been dubbed the era of 'New Space' [1], and the clear differences in both technology and attitude present a host of potential vulnerabilities, while also improving on some specific areas of security.…”

Section: B Cubesatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death By A Thousand COTS: Disrupting Satellite Communications using Low Earth Orbit Constellations

Rawlins¹,

Baker²,

Martinovic³

2022

Preprint

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Satellites in Geostationary Orbit (GEO) provide a number of commercial, government, and military services around the world, offering everything from surveillance and monitoring to video calls and internet access. However a dramatic lowering of the cost-per-kilogram to space has led to a recent explosion in real and planned constellations in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) of smaller satellites.These constellations are managed remotely and it is important to consider a scenario in which an attacker gains control over the constituent satellites. In this paper we aim to understand what damage this attacker could cause, using the satellites to generate interference.To ground our analysis, we simulate a number of existing and planned LEO constellations against an example GEO constellation, and evaluate the relative effectiveness of each. Our model shows that with conservative power estimates, both current and planned constellations could disrupt GEO satellite services at every groundstation considered, with effectiveness varying considerably between locations.We analyse different patterns of interference, how they reflect the structures of the constellations creating them, and how effective they might be against a number of legitimate services. We found that real-time usage (e.g. calls, streaming) would be most affected, with 3 constellation designs able to generate thousands of outages of 30 seconds or longer over the course of the day across all groundstations.

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“…In the space industry, secure and reliable communications, as well as sophisticated identity and access management of machines and users, were already critical. However, increasing the number of connected systems, devices and business players makes such requirements become essential and opens new challenges to companies, governments and space agencies (cyber security and space-based services | ESA Business Applications; Manulis et al , 2020). The cloud technologies have extremely improved their performance, achieving reaction times of just several milliseconds and enabling more data-driven services for production systems, as well as monitor and control processes (Zheng et al , 2014; Mourtzis and Vlachou, 2016).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of digital technologies on business models. Insights from the space industry

Aloini

Latronico

Pellegrini

2021

MBE

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Purpose In the past decade, in the space industry, many initiatives intended at offering open access to big data from space multiplied. Therefore, firms started adopting business models (BMs) which lever on digital technologies (e.g. cloud computing, high-performance computing and artificial intelligence), to seize these opportunities. Within this scenario, this article aims at answering the following research question: which digital technologies do impact which components the BM is made of? Design/methodology/approach An exploratory multiple case study approach was used. Three cases operating in the space industry that lever on digital technologies to implement their business were analyzed. Despite concerns regarding reliability and validity, multiple case studies allow greater understanding of causality, and show superiority respect to quantitative studies for theory building. Findings Big data, system integration (artificial intelligence, high-performance computing) and cloud computing seem to be pivotal in the space industry. It emerges that digital technologies involve all the different areas and components of the BM. Originality/value This paper sheds light on the impact that digital technologies have on the different BM components. It is only understanding which technologies can support the value proposition, which technologies make the infrastructural part able to support this proposition, which technologies may be helpful for delivering and communicating this value to customers and which technologies may help firms to appropriate the value that it is possible to seize the impact of digital technologies on BM.

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Cyber security in New Space

Cited by 91 publications

References 62 publications

Advances in space quantum communications

Advances in space quantum communications

Death By A Thousand COTS: Disrupting Satellite Communications using Low Earth Orbit Constellations

The impact of digital technologies on business models. Insights from the space industry

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