Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems and Complexity Science: The Whole is More than the Sum of Individual and Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems

Lier, Ben van

doi:10.1080/01969722.2018.1552907

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It aims to solve the technical, market, and policy problems caused by the grid connection of large-scale and multi-type distributed power. The advantages of distributed power generation technology are exerted to the greatest extent in the economy, energy, and the environment [11][12]. The microgrid is a typical CPS; it is a comprehensive system that integrates information collection, management decision-making, control, and communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Method for the Coupling Relations of Microgrid Cyber-Physical Systems Driven by Hybrid Spatiotemporal Events

Chen

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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The essence of the microgrid cyber-physical system (CPS) lies in the cyclical conversion of information flow and energy flow. Most of the existing coupling models are modeled with static networks and interface structures, in which the closed-loop data flow characteristic is not fully considered. It is difficult for these models to accurately describe spatiotemporal deduction processes, such as microgrid CPS attack identification, risk propagation, safety assessment, defense control, and cascading failure. To address this problem, a modeling method for the coupling relations of microgrid CPS driven by hybrid spatiotemporal events is proposed in the present work. First, according to the topological correlation and coupling logic of the microgrid CPS, the cyclical conversion mechanism of information flow and energy flow is analyzed, and a microgrid CPS architecture with multi-agents as the core is constructed. Next, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristic of the CPS is described by hybrid automata, and the task coordination mechanism of the multi-agent CPS terminal is designed. On this basis, a discrete-continuous correlation and terminal structure characteristic representation method of the CPS based on heterogeneous multi-groups are then proposed. Finally, four spatiotemporal events, namely state perception, network communication, intelligent decision-making, and action control, are defined. Considering the constraints of the temporal conversion of information flow and energy flow, a microgrid CPS coupling model is established, the effectiveness of which is verified by simulating false data injection attack (FDIA) scenarios.INDEX TERMS Microgrid cyber-physical systems, spatiotemporal event-driven, multi-agent, coupling modeling, CPS terminal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Method for the Coupling Relations of Microgrid Cyber-Physical Systems Driven by Hybrid Spatiotemporal Events

Chen

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…Emergent behavior is also exhibited within a CPSoS. A CPSoS is characterized by intercommunications and interactions between many separate and autonomous components (i.e., CSs) that develop properties that are isolated from and cannot be traced back to the separate systems [ 32 ]. When focusing on the consequences and prediction of emergent behaviors of a CPSoS, we can distinguish expected versus unexpected emergence and beneficial, neutral, and harmful emergence, as shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing approaches offer little basis for investigating the development and behavior of a macro-entity that is formed and keeps developing in complex systems under the presence of manifold CSs. As stated by Van Lier [ 32 ], eventually a CPSoS enables the creation of its own feedback loop between the global level of the CPSoS and the individual level of the separate autonomous CSs. In turn, understanding self-organization, entanglement, and emergence could make a key contribution in forging innovations [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated by Van Lier [ 32 ], eventually a CPSoS enables the creation of its own feedback loop between the global level of the CPSoS and the individual level of the separate autonomous CSs. In turn, understanding self-organization, entanglement, and emergence could make a key contribution in forging innovations [ 32 ]. In this line of thinking, we foresee that a complex sociotechnical SoS, such as a CPSoS, empowers our envisioned united relationship between the cyber space and physical world, and, consequently, give rise to modeling new approaches for understanding emergent behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Design of the Resilient Enterprise: A Reference Architecture for Emergent Behaviors Control

Bemthuis

Iacob

Havinga

2020

Sensors

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The sooner disruptive emergent behaviors are detected, the sooner preventive measures can be taken to ensure the resilience of business processes execution. Therefore, organizations need to prepare for emergent behaviors by embedding corrective control mechanisms, which help coordinate organization-wide behavior (and goals) with the behavior of local autonomous entities. Ongoing technological advances, brought by the Industry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems of systems paradigms, can support integration within complex enterprises, such as supply chains. In this paper, we propose a reference enterprise architecture for the detection and monitoring of emergent behaviors in enterprises. We focus on addressing the need for an adequate reaction to disruptions. Based on a systematic review of the literature on the topic of current architectural designs for understanding emergent behaviors, we distill architectural requirements. Our architecture is a hybrid as it combines distributed autonomous business logic (expressed in terms of simple business rules) and some central control mechanisms. We exemplify the instantiation and use of this architecture by means of a proof-of-concept implementation, using a multimodal logistics case study. The obtained results provide a basis for achieving supply chain resilience “by design”, i.e., through the design of coordination mechanisms that are well equipped to absorb and compensate for the effects of emergent disruptive behaviors.

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“…Frei et al [45] made an attempt to show the self organization and emergence of evolvable production system. van Lier [46] tried to interpret the autonomous phenomenon existing in based on complexity science, and [47] further investigated whether complexity science can support the development and elaboration of an industrial info sphere. Intepe and Koc [48] foucused on the technologies that related to the behavior of subsystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Emergence to the Complex Product System

Wang

Binxiu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The increasing complexity of product calls for manufacturing integration, while in turn high integration brings the problems of system level complexity. This paper proposes that complex product system (CoPS) should be managed as a dynamical system. The dynamical characteristics of CoPS are discussed from the perspective of emergence. A conceptual model is established to analyze the cause, process and result of the CoPS emergence. The mechanism of inner state emergence in CoPS is interpreted by formal languages to provide a point view of state space. It is concluded that the behavior of CoPS, especially the complexity, exhibits the 'entity is greater than the sum of the parts' phenomena when satisfying given necessary conditions. A novel methodology is then established to evaluate this emergence-based complexity. The feasibility and application of the novel complexity measurement is verified by an example of turbine housing production process. Further discussions are made on how to manage the potential emerging complexity based on the proposed measurement.

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Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems and Complexity Science: The Whole is More than the Sum of Individual and Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Modeling Method for the Coupling Relations of Microgrid Cyber-Physical Systems Driven by Hybrid Spatiotemporal Events

Modeling Method for the Coupling Relations of Microgrid Cyber-Physical Systems Driven by Hybrid Spatiotemporal Events

A Design of the Resilient Enterprise: A Reference Architecture for Emergent Behaviors Control

Linking Emergence to the Complex Product System

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