Cyber-physical system design contracts

Derler, Patricia; Lee, Edward A.; Törngren, Martin; Tripakis, Stavros

doi:10.1145/2502524.2502540

Cited by 94 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Important task parameters for hard real-time systems, such as control systems, are the start time and deadline of a task as well as the worst case execution time. For such systems the tasks are executed periodically [5]. The continuous time signals to and from the plant, such as the control input and the plant output, are sampled periodically and then held constant between sampling time instants [5].…”

Section: Processing Structure and Essentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concepts for improved availability and computational power in automated driving

Grubmüller

Stettinger

Nešić

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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Automated vehicles are required to operate on highways and in complex urban scenarios. To safely handle these complex environmental influences, sophisticated automated driving functions demand a high availability of all involved components in combination with increased computational power. Particular multi-core platforms are deployed to cope with these demands. To achieve higher system availability for SAE level 3 and higher, fail operational concepts from system level down to Microcontroller Unit (MCU) level are needed. These concepts include hardware as well as software requirements and are discussed in this paper. For an increased computing performance, the idea and further the model of a parallel computation method for driving functions and their control algorithms is introduced. For that a stabilizing controller is implemented on different cores of the multi-core processor. Finally, this resulting closed-loop system is modeled as a hybrid system which will serve as an input for further stability analysis.Keywords: fail-operational; parallel computation; waveform relaxation; multi-core processor Konzepte für höhere Verfügbarkeit und Rechenleistung im Bereich autonomes Fahren. Autonome Fahrzeuge sollen in Zukunft auf

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Section: Processing Structure and Essentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such systems the tasks are executed periodically [5]. The continuous time signals to and from the plant, such as the control input and the plant output, are sampled periodically and then held constant between sampling time instants [5].…”

Section: Processing Structure and Essentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts for improved availability and computational power in automated driving

Grubmüller

Stettinger

Nešić

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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“…Furthermore, in European research project SPEEDS [6], a contract theory [3][4][5] was introduced as a means to meet the challenges in the design of heterogeneous systems [7][8][9]. Similar work to [3][4][5] is presented in [46] and in [35] with tool support [90], and also in a more applied setting in [91,92]. The use of theory [3][4][5] has been advocated in [10][11][12][13][14][15] and the use of contracts in general has been proposed for analyzes integration [93] and as a means to achieve functional safety in [94,95] and also in [96] with tool support [97].…”

Section: Contracts and Their Properties Compositionality Elements mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions of contracts for separating responsibilities in heterogeneous systems

Westman

Nyberg

2017

Form Methods Syst Des

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A general, compositional, and component-based contract theory is proposed for modeling and specifying heterogeneous systems, characterized by consisting of parts from different domains, e.g. software, electrical and mechanical. Given a contract consisting of assumptions and a guarantee, clearly separated conditions on a component and its environment are presented where the conditions ensure that the guarantee is fulfilled-a responsibility assigned to the component, given that the environment fulfills the assumptions. The conditions are applicable whenever it cannot be ensured that the sets of ports of components are partitioned into inputs and outputs, and hence fully support scenarios where components, characterized by both causal and acausal models, are to be integrated by solely relying on the information of a contract. An example of such a scenario of industrial relevance is explicitly considered, namely a scenario in a supply chain where the development of a component is outsourced. To facilitate the application of the theory in practice, necessary properties of contracts are also derived to serve as sanity checks of the conditions. Furthermore, based on a graph that represents a structuring of a hierarchy of contracts, sufficient conditions to achieve compositionality are presented.

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“…• Modelling interactions of functionality and implementation • Modelling distributed behaviours • System heterogeneity requiring the combination of multiple models • Methodologies bridging the gaps between the disciplines involved (e.g., control engineering, software engineering, sensor networks) (Derler et al 2013) • Modelling service semantics From the technological requirements given above, the following design challenges of future production systems can be derived:…”

Section: Technological Challenges Of Future Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Challenges

Stary

Neubauer

2016

S-BPM in the Production Industry

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Recently, the German "Industry 4.0" initiative gained momentum, and sketches a vision for future production industries. This chapter reviews industrial challenges in the area of "Industry 4.0". The findings are structured along the fundamental understanding of production companies as socio-technical systems. Socio-technical systems consist of three important aspects-(i) human, (ii) organizational structures and technology-and, most importantly their mutual relations, and thus, the interdependencies of these aspects. The review reveals that humans need to remain a vital element of future production and need to drive organizational development efforts and continuous workplace improvement. Organizational structures are challenged by changing business models of production companies. Enabling organizational change requires an open organizational culture (e.g., in terms of digital readiness), learning support and digital literacy of all involved stakeholders. In order to create value from Industry 4.0 developments, still technical challenges, in particular vertical and horizontal process integration need be resolved. IntroductionToday's industry needs to survive in a volatile environment. Changing customer demands, high degree of product individualization, increasing digitalization and system integration, effective and efficient manufacturing operations to meet high quality at low cost, well-being of employees, etc., are just some factors that challenge daily work in industry. In general, an industry refers to the production of certain goods or services within an economy (e.g., automotive industry in Germany). Different Industry classification systems like the ISIC (2008), NAICS (2012) or NACE exist that organize companies with respect to production processes or similar products. (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_classification). According to the NAICS (2012) Manufacturing "comprises establishments primarily engaged in the chemical, mechanical or physical transformation of materials or substances into new products. These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories or mills". Compared to the definition of manufacturing, the understanding of "Production" is more generic in terms of any conversion from input to output. This also includes intangible products like the delivery of services in areas as government and health care or even knowledge production.In this book, production companies are understood as complex, socio-technical systems of people, processes and machines that flexibly interact within ...

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Cyber-physical system design contracts

Cited by 94 publications

References 41 publications

Concepts for improved availability and computational power in automated driving

Concepts for improved availability and computational power in automated driving

Conditions of contracts for separating responsibilities in heterogeneous systems

Industrial Challenges

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