“…Information delivery and exchange, and the product architect model are to address OSC information sharing issues [52,[60][61][62], as seen in the orange circles in Figure 6b; 3. The estimation of carbon emissions, from additional production and transportation processes in the life-cycle assessment of OSC, is different from traditional construction [63][64][65]. This cluster is shown in the light purple circles in Figure 6c; 4.…”
Section: Co-occurrence Of Abstractmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…The estimation of carbon emissions, from additional production and transportation processes in the life-cycle assessment of OSC, is different from traditional construction [63][64][65]. This cluster is shown in the light purple circles in Figure 6c; 4.…”
Off-site construction (OSC) is known as an efficient construction method that could save time and cost, reduce waste of resources, and improve the overall productivity of projects. Coupled with digital technologies associated with the Industry 4.0 concept, OSC can offer a higher rate of productivity and safety. While there is a rich literature focusing on both OSC and Industry 4.0, the implementation of associated digital technologies in the OSC context has not been fully evaluated. This paper intends to evaluate the current literature of digital technology applications in OSC. Scientometric analyses and a systematic review were carried out evaluating fifteen typical digital technologies adopted by OSC projects, including building information modelling (BIM), radio frequency identification devices (RFID), global positioning systems (GPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), geographic information systems (GIS), sensors, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), photogrammetry, laser scanning, artificial intelligence (AI), 3D printing, robotics, big data, and blockchain. This review formulates a clear picture of the current practice of these digital technologies and summarizes the main area of application and limitations of each technology when utilized in OSC. The review also points out their potential and how they can be better adopted to improve OSC practice in the future.
“…Information delivery and exchange, and the product architect model are to address OSC information sharing issues [52,[60][61][62], as seen in the orange circles in Figure 6b; 3. The estimation of carbon emissions, from additional production and transportation processes in the life-cycle assessment of OSC, is different from traditional construction [63][64][65]. This cluster is shown in the light purple circles in Figure 6c; 4.…”
Section: Co-occurrence Of Abstractmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…The estimation of carbon emissions, from additional production and transportation processes in the life-cycle assessment of OSC, is different from traditional construction [63][64][65]. This cluster is shown in the light purple circles in Figure 6c; 4.…”
Off-site construction (OSC) is known as an efficient construction method that could save time and cost, reduce waste of resources, and improve the overall productivity of projects. Coupled with digital technologies associated with the Industry 4.0 concept, OSC can offer a higher rate of productivity and safety. While there is a rich literature focusing on both OSC and Industry 4.0, the implementation of associated digital technologies in the OSC context has not been fully evaluated. This paper intends to evaluate the current literature of digital technology applications in OSC. Scientometric analyses and a systematic review were carried out evaluating fifteen typical digital technologies adopted by OSC projects, including building information modelling (BIM), radio frequency identification devices (RFID), global positioning systems (GPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), geographic information systems (GIS), sensors, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), photogrammetry, laser scanning, artificial intelligence (AI), 3D printing, robotics, big data, and blockchain. This review formulates a clear picture of the current practice of these digital technologies and summarizes the main area of application and limitations of each technology when utilized in OSC. The review also points out their potential and how they can be better adopted to improve OSC practice in the future.
“…BS EN [53] shows the development of elastic modulus of concrete conforms to the law of Equation ( 4), where a and b are constants and their values are shown by the fitting curves. The results in Figure 14 are fitted by Equation (4). The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.99.…”
Section: Equivalent Hydrationmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…However, prefabricated building components can not only improve the production efficiency and quality of concrete components, and free workers from heavy manual labour, but also better control the garbage and noise pollution generated on site [ 2 , 3 ]. At the same time, prefabricated construction technology has become an important and effective way to modernize the construction industry [ 4 ]. According to statistics, in the actual production of prefabricated building components, over 70% of precast concrete is cured by steam.…”
In order to better predict the development of shrinkage deformation of steam-cured concrete mixed with slag, a deformation-temperature-humidity integrated model test, a hydration heat test, and an elastic modulus test were performed. The effects of the steam-curing process and the content of slag on shrinkage deformation, hydration degree and elastic modulus of concrete were studied. The results indicate that during the steam-curing process, the concrete has an “expansion-shrinkage” pattern. After the steam curing, the deformation of concrete is dominated by drying shrinkage. After the addition of slag, the shrinkage deformation of steam-cured concrete is increased. The autogenous shrinkage increases by 0.5–12%, and the total shrinkage increases by 1.5–8% at 60 days. At the same time, slag reduces the hydration degree of steam-cured concrete and modulus of elasticity. A prediction model for the hydration degree of steam-cured concrete is established, which can be used to calculate the degree of hydration at any curing age. Based on the capillary tension generated by the capillary pores in concrete, an integrated model of autogenous shrinkage and total shrinkage is established with the relative humidity directly related to the water loss in the concrete as the driving parameter. Whether the shrinkage deformation is caused by hydration reaction or the external environment, this model can better predict the shrinkage deformation of steam-cured concrete.
“…Yu et al (2021) [31] demonstrated the energy-saving potential of prefabricated buildings based on life cycle analysis and thermal performance evaluation, and found that prefabricated walls could improve the building's thermal performance. Liu et al (2020) [32] proposed a real-time carbon emission monitoring and visualization of the greenhouse gas system based on a cyber-physical system. Roosmalen et al (2021) [6] studied the application of prefabricated buildings in renewable energy utilization, such as building integrated photovoltaics.…”
Section: Supply Chain Management For Prefabricated Buildingmentioning
Under the increasing pressure of global emission reduction, prefabricated buildings are becoming more and more popular. As prefabricated building manufacturers and assemblers are emerging in the market, how do they make decisions of pricing, ordering, and emission reduction? In this paper, game theory is used to make the decisions for the prefabricated building supply chain with flexible cap-and-trade and different power structures, i.e., using prefabricated building manufacturers as the leader, using the vertical Nash equilibrium, and using prefabricated building assemblers as the leader. The two-part tariff contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain and to improve the supply chain performance. Moreover, we discuss the influence of different power structures and the two-part tariff contract on the optimal decisions and profits. Finally, numerical analysis is used to verify the conclusions. This indicates that the supply chain leaders will gain a higher profit and that the power structure has a significant influence on the two-part tariff contract, which will result in an unfair distribution of profit. High carbon trading prices benefit carbon emission reduction. Consumer low-carbon awareness has a positive effect on carbon emission reduction and supply chain performance.
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