Cyber–Physical Modeling of Distributed Resources for Distribution System Operations

Abstract

Abstract-Co-simulation platforms are necessary to study the interactions of complex systems integrated in future smart grids. The Virtual Grid Integration Laboratory (VirGIL) is a modular co-simulation platform designed to study interactions between demand response strategies, building comfort, communication networks, and power system operation. This paper presents the coupling of power systems, buildings, communications and control under a master algorithm. There are two objectives. First, to use a modular architecture for VirGIL, based on the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI), where several different modules can be added, exchanged, and tested. Second, to use a commercial power system simulation platform, familiar to power system operators, such as DIgSILENT Powerfactory. This will help reduce the barriers to the industry for adopting such platforms, investigate and subsequently deploy demand response strategies in their daily operation. VirGIL further introduces the integration of the Quantized State System (QSS) methods for simulation in this co-simulation platform. Results on how these systems interact using a real network and consumption data are also presented.

Integration of Methodologies for the Evaluation of Offer Curves in Energy and Capacity Markets through Energy Efficiency and Demand Response

“…This section presents two PBLM elemental models for residential heating (cooling) devices with and without thermal storage (e.g., ceramic bricks) that involves the development of an equivalent model (a) lumped RC network, usually called 3R2C, 2R2C, 2R1C or 1R1C depending on the number of lumped RC parameters that have been chosen to reproduce the admittance or transmittance of each wall for the overall model: 3, 2 or 1 [41]), very close to [18,19] but simplified in complexity (the order of state space Equations) to suit DR requirements and make possible a further aggregation of elemental models [40], a condition "sine qua non" for small segments. RC networks (2R1C model is chosen for the walls, ceiling and ground) in Figure 5a,b represent the energy balance between an appliance/load, the dwelling where the load renders the service (indoor) and the environment.…”

“…This is the same idea proposed in thermal design software such as EnergyPlus or eQuest [18] but this approach is too complex to evaluate load response (EnergyPlus works high order state-space models, e.g., model order around [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and it needs some simplification to make costs affordable and efforts feasible to engage DR. Some software, for example the toolbox BRCM is proposed in the VIRGIL platform, to simplify thermal models from EnergyPlus software, see [19].…”

On Conceptual Structuration and Coupling Methods of Co-Simulation Frameworks in Cyber-Physical Energy System Validation

“…edu/) (used in [73][74][75], Simantics (https://www.simantics.org/) or Mosaik (http://mosaik.offis.de/) (e.g., [45,76,77]. The IEEE 1516 High level Architecture (HLA) is one of a few standards for co-simulation coordinator [78].…”

Novel Simulation Approaches for Smart Grids

“…The Virtual Grid Integration Laboratory (VirGIL) [35] is a modular co-simulation framework that relies on the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) [36] to integrate a commercial power system simulator (DIgSILENT's Powerfactory), a network simulator (OMNeT++), whole-building models (simplified models derived from EnergyPlus [37] and expressed with Modelica) and a component for optimization and control. The FMI is an open standard that supports model exchange between tools that may use different underlying semantics (e.g., discrete state machines and differential algebraic equations) and co-simulation of dynamic models.…”