Cyber Physical and Social Networks in IoV (CPSN-IoV): A Multimodal Architecture in Edge-Based Networks for Optimal Route Selection Using 5G Technologies

Abstract

Humans are blessed with the intelligence to create links, develop semantic metaphors and models for reasoning; construct rules for decision making; and to form bounded loops for interaction, socialization and knowledge sharing. But machines are inadequate with these extraordinary abilities rather, numerous algorithms and mathematical models can be used to connect physical resources with cyberspaces to control objects and, develop cognitive learning for optimal decision making. Connected users and devices in closed virtual and physical proximity give direction towards the plethora of real-world applications for physical, social and, cyber computing. Because of the increase in social media networking and 5G communication links offer real-time crowdsourcing and sensing as a complementary base for information. Proceeding this idea, in this study we have proposed Cyber-Physical and Social Networks (CPSN) for two fundamental operations in IoV (Internet of Vehicles) as CPSN-IoV; (1) to define conceptual architecture of CPSN-IoV for data-oriented network for smart infrastructure and, (2) to create the significant virtual space where the instances of smart vehicles, devices, and things will have meaningful links with the real world objects where, CPSN-IoV will evolve, emerge, compete, and collaborate with all connected objects to strengthen the decision making process. To investigate the potential impact of our proposed study, we have simulated the taxicab trajectory data of the urban city of Portugal in OMNeT++ for the in-depth understanding of road topology, connected vehicles and things, and their traffic trends; and users' social media streams in respective edge for efficient route planning. The results of simulation demonstrate that our proposed framework has the ability to achieve human-machine intellectual association for managing the smart environment.

A framework for the prediction of earthquake using federated learning

“…FL has vast application in many fields and is getting attention due to the advantage of 4G technology. Arooj et al (2020) proposed a route selection model using 4G internet technology in which smart vehicles are connected to the central system that can automatically select and alter their route depending on the type of signal they have received from the central system. Some researchers have integrated FL with block chain technology ( Kim & Hong, 2019 ; Farooq, Khan & Abid, 2020 ; Majeed & Hong, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Weng et al, 2019 ).…”

Blockchain Based Intelligent Incentive Enabled Information Sharing Scheme in Future Generation IoV Networks

“…Several issues of protecting the privacy of the data in Internet of Vehicles have emerged in recent years and the research on analyzing such problems have been carried out in both academics and industries to make life secure. The privacy protection of the identities of the vehicle can be done effectively with the help of various authentication approaches [18][19]. These authentication approaches are broadly classified into three types such as cryptography-based authentication technique [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], reputation evaluation-based technique [25][26][27][28][29][30], and hardware-based trust enhancement technique [31][32][33][34].…”

“…The privacy protection of the identities of the vehicle can be done effectively with the help of various authentication approaches [18][19]. These authentication approaches are broadly classified into three types such as cryptography-based authentication technique [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], reputation evaluation-based technique [25][26][27][28][29][30], and hardware-based trust enhancement technique [31][32][33][34]. Cryptography-based authentication technique deals only with the correct evidence holds by the vehicle.…”

“…Recent research involves artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques into 6G IoV network to continuously collect the information and optimize the payment in return paid to users through learning fog node [16][17]. In [18], authors have proposed deep learning reinforcement learning algorithms to motivate the users for uploading the information to the fog nodes in 6G IoV network, but lacks in privacy and security of the users. Ensuring the success of blockchain and fog-cloud technology based on artificial intelligence approaches this paper neuro-fuzzy learning algorithm to secure the information during transmission and privacy of vehicles and motivates vehicles by providing incentives to them.…”

Social and Economic Contribution of 5G and Blockchain With Green Computing: Taxonomy, Challenges, and Opportunities

“…This nimble network bandwidth named 5G with the smart system is going to rule on this world and ornament more crucial to its security which is a major agitation [4]. The consolidation of radio ideas in [5] such as ultra-dense networks, massive machine (MM) communications, massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (mMIMO), device-to-device (D2D) moving networks and ultra-reliable can allow 5G as in figure 2 to assist the anticipated growth in mobile data volume while developing the limit of application zone that mobile communications can assist on the far side 2021 [6]. Challenges are increased for 5G networks by merging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and network operator which can be one of the impressive results to address these complexities.…”