Cyanophages and Their Role in the Ecology of Cyanobacteria

Suttle, Curtis A.

doi:10.1007/0-306-46855-7_20

Cited by 98 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Second, cyanophages have previously been observed in deep-sea microbial metagenomes (DeLong et al, 2006) and in deep-sea viral communities using a cyanophage gene marker (Short and Suttle, 2005). Although the decay rate of marine viral communities is extremely variable (1-54% per hour; reviewed in Wommack and Colwell (2000)), cyanophages are generally considered stable with measurements of persistence ranging from several years in unfixed samples to at least 100 years in sediments reviewed in (Suttle (2000)). We therefore suggest that these observed core PCs may derive from viruses with low decay rates that can survive transport to the deep sea on sinking particles.…”

Section: Co-localized With Viral Genes On Contigs (Includes Genes Idementioning

confidence: 99%

Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche specialization in the ‘core’ and ‘flexible’ Pacific Ocean Virome

2014

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Microbes drive myriad ecosystem processes, and their viruses modulate microbial-driven processes through mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and metabolic reprogramming by viral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). However, our knowledge of viral roles in the oceans is primarily limited to surface waters. Here we assess the depth distribution of protein clusters (PCs) in the first large-scale quantitative viral metagenomic data set that spans much of the pelagic depth continuum (the Pacific Ocean Virome; POV). This established ‘core’ (180 PCs; one-third new to science) and ‘flexible’ (423K PCs) community gene sets, including niche-defining genes in the latter (385 and 170 PCs are exclusive and core to the photic and aphotic zones, respectively). Taxonomic annotation suggested that tailed phages are ubiquitous, but not abundant (<5% of PCs) and revealed depth-related taxonomic patterns. Functional annotation, coupled with extensive analyses to document non-viral DNA contamination, uncovered 32 new AMGs (9 core, 20 photic and 3 aphotic) that introduce ways in which viruses manipulate infected host metabolism, and parallel depth-stratified host adaptations (for example, photic zone genes for iron–sulphur cluster modulation for phage production, and aphotic zone genes for high-pressure deep-sea survival). Finally, significant vertical flux of photic zone viruses to the deep sea was detected, which is critical for interpreting depth-related patterns in nature. Beyond the ecological advances outlined here, this catalog of viral core, flexible and niche-defining genes provides a resource for future investigation into the organization, function and evolution of microbial molecular networks to mechanistically understand and model viral roles in the biosphere.

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Section: Co-localized With Viral Genes On Contigs (Includes Genes Idementioning

confidence: 99%

Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche specialization in the ‘core’ and ‘flexible’ Pacific Ocean Virome

2014

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“…VLP were predominantly binal with isomorphic heads 40 to 50 nm in diameter and tails 80 to 120 nm in length. Tails appeared bent or broken off in several VLP, indicating that they may have been flexible (Suttle 2000). On the basis of their morphology, the VLP belong to the family Siphonoviridae and genus Cyanostylovirus according to descriptions in Suttle (2000).…”

Section: Virus Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tails appeared bent or broken off in several VLP, indicating that they may have been flexible (Suttle 2000). On the basis of their morphology, the VLP belong to the family Siphonoviridae and genus Cyanostylovirus according to descriptions in Suttle (2000). Control lysate contained visibly fewer VLP than UV-treated samples; however, reliable enumeration of both treatments was not possible due to the low number of VLP per grid division, which seldom exceeded 30.…”

Section: Virus Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virus-like particles associated with Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanophyta; Oscillatoriacea) bloom decline in Moreton Bay, Australia

Hewson¹,

O’Neil²,

Dennison³

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Expansive blooms of the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula were observed in 2 shallow water regions of Moreton Bay, Australia. The rapid bloom decline (8 to <1 km 2 in < 7 d) prompted an investigation of the role of cyanophage viruses in the ecophysiology of L. majuscula. Virus-like particles produced by decaying L. majuscula were observed using electron microscopy. The virus-like particles were similar in morphology to viruses in the genus Cyanostyloviridae. The effect of viruses on L. majuscula photosynthesis was investigated by: (1) creating a virus concentrate using tangential-flow ultrafiltration of seawater surrounding L. majuscula; (2) inoculating L. majuscula with the concentrate; and (3) measuring photosynthetic response using a pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer. Virus concentrate addition resulted in decreased initial fluorescence, decreased photochemical efficiency and decreased electron transport rate in rapid light curves after 5 d. Viruses present within L. majuscula filaments may play an important role in the bloom dynamics of this ecologically important cyanobacterium. KEY WORDS: Lyngbya majuscula · Cyanophage · Virus · LysogenyResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…The viruses of cyanobacteria, i.e. the cyanophages, were found to be ubiquitous in both inland waters and the marine environment (Suttle, 2000). Populations of free, infectious cyanophages show high turnover rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling of viral impact on cyanobacterial populations in shallow lakes: implications of burst size

et al. 2006

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Laboratory experiments with whole water-columns from shallow, eutrophic lakes repeatedly showed collapse of the predominant ¢lamentous cyanobacteria. The collapse could be due to viral activity, from the evidence of electron microscopy of infected cyanobacterial cells and observed dynamics of virus-like particles. Burst-size e¡ects on single-host single-virus dynamics was modelled for nutrient-replete growth of the cyanobacteria and ¢xed viral decay rate in the water column. The model combined previously published equations for nutrient-replete cyanobacterial growth and virus^host relationship. According to the model results, burst sizes greater than 200 to 400 virions per cell would result in host extinction, whereas lower numbers would allow coexistence, and even stable population densities of host and virus. High-nutrient status of the host cells might accommodate a large burst size. The ecological implication could be that burst-size increase accompanying a transition from phosphorus to light-limited cyanobacterial growth might destabilize the virus^host interaction and result in the population collapse observed in the experiments.

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Cyanophages and Their Role in the Ecology of Cyanobacteria

Cited by 98 publications

References 128 publications

Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche specialization in the ‘core’ and ‘flexible’ Pacific Ocean Virome

Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche specialization in the ‘core’ and ‘flexible’ Pacific Ocean Virome

Virus-like particles associated with Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanophyta; Oscillatoriacea) bloom decline in Moreton Bay, Australia

Dynamic modelling of viral impact on cyanobacterial populations in shallow lakes: implications of burst size

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