Cyanogenesis potential and iodine concentration in white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i>L.) cultivars

Crush, J. R.; Caradus, J. R.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1995.9513132

Cited by 50 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Figure 4 suggests that although there might be some inter-varietal differences in I concentrations in some crops, they might be small compared to inter-specific differences. This supports conclusions of previous studies with numerous varieties of clover, grasses and other herbage crops [23,25,32]. Nevertheless, further analyses might very usefully compare the amount of variation above and below the species level in order to determine the extent to which I concentrations in plant biomass can be altered by choosing different varieties or different species.…”

Section: Beta Vulgarissupporting

confidence: 59%

Inter-Taxa Differences in Iodine Uptake by Plants: Implications for Food Quality and Contamination

Siasou

Willey

2015

Agronomy

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Although iodine is not essential for plants, they take it up readily and, in foodchains, are significant sources of iodine for organisms with an essential requirement for it. During several nuclear accidents radioiodine has been an important component of releases of radioactivity and has caused serious contamination of foodchains. Differences in iodine uptake by different plant taxa are, therefore, important to nutritional and radioecological studies. Using techniques we have developed for a range of other elements, we analyzed inter-taxa differences in radioiodine uptake by 103 plant species and between varieties of two species, and analyzed them using a recent, phylogenetically-informed, taxonomy. The results show that there are significant differences in uptake above and below the species level. There are significant differences between Monocots and Eudicots in iodine uptake, and, in particular, hierarchical ANOVA revealed significant differences between Genera within Families. These analyses of the taxonomic origin of differences in plant uptake of iodine can help the prediction of crop contamination with radioiodine and the management of stable iodine in crops for nutritional purposes.

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Section: Beta Vulgarissupporting

confidence: 59%

Inter-Taxa Differences in Iodine Uptake by Plants: Implications for Food Quality and Contamination

Siasou

Willey

2015

Agronomy

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“…Numerous authors have reported observations for defense functions of plant cyanogenesis against herbivores (e.g., Nahrstedt, 1985Nahrstedt, , 1988Hruska, 1988;Jones, 1962Jones, , 1988Jones, , 1998Crush and Caradus, 1995;Caradus and Forde, 1996;Schappert and Shore, 1999b,c;Tattersal et al, 2001). However, clear experimental results considering quantitative aspects of the action of HCN as causal factor of plant defense are rare (Feeny, 1976;Patton et al, 1997;Gleadow and Woodrow, 2000a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Cyanogenesis of Phaseolus lunatus and its Relevance for Herbivore–Plant Interaction: The Importance of Quantitative Data

2005

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Abstract-Quantitative experimental results on the antiherbivorous effect of cyanogenesis are rare. In our analyses, we distinguished between the total amount of cyanide-containing compounds stored in a given tissue [cyanogenic potential (HCNp)] and the capacity for release of HCN per unit time (HCNc) from these cyanogenic precursors as a reaction to herbivory. We analyzed the impact of these cyanogenic features on herbivorous insects using different accessions of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) with different cyanogenic characteristics in their leaves and fourth instars of the generalist herbivore Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Young leaves exhibit a higher HCNp and HCNc than mature leaves. This ontogenetic variability of cyanogenesis was valid for all accessions studied. In no-choice bioassays, feeding of S. gregaria was reduced on high cyanogenic lima beans compared with low cyanogenic beans. A HCNp of about 15 mmol cyanide/g leaf (fresh weight) with a corresponding HCNc of about 1 mmol HCN released from leaf material within the first 10 min after complete tissue disintegration appears to be a threshold at which the first repellent effects on S. gregaria were observed. The repellent effect of cyanogenesis increased above these thresholds of HCNp and HCNc. No repellent action of cyanogenesis was observed on plants with lower HCNp and HCNc. These low cyanogenic accessions of P. lunatus were consumed extensivelyVwith dramatic consequences for the herbivore. After consumption, locusts showed severe symptoms of intoxication. Choice assays confirmed the feeding preference of locusts for low over high cyanogenic leaf material of P. lunatus. The bioassays revealed total 0098-0331/05/0700-1445/0 # 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 1445Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 31, No. 7, July 2005 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-5791-2 * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dballhorn@iangbot.uni-hamburg.de losses of HCN between 90 and 99% related to the estimated amount of ingested cyanide-containing compounds by the locusts. This general finding was independent of the cyanogenic status (high or low) of the leaf material.

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“…This is particularly true if the conserved silage/hay was fed in conjunction with crops containing goitrogens, such as swedes, turnips, and kales. In addition, there appears to be an emerging problem of I deficiency as reported by , and probably caused by the modern clover selections (Crush & Caradus 1995). Increasing the I status of silage/hay to adequate levels (>0.25 mg kg -1 ; Morton et al 1999), would be likely to result in improved reproductive performance and lower perinatal lamb mortality rates Grace et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fortification of silage and hay crops with trace elements

Smith¹,

Morton

Longhurst

et al. 2006

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Feeding out conserved hay or silage to animals over winter or in early spring is an integral part of New Zealand pastoral farming. However, the mineral content of conserved feed is usually below that of the original pasture, and is fed to stock at a time when their mineral requirements are high. During these periods, iodine and copper concentrations in pasture are marginal or deficient, exacerbating the problem. Three trials were laid down, two in Southland and one in the Waikato, looking at the uptake of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), and iodine (I) when applied in liquid form at various times between the shutting-up stage and harvesting of conserved silage and hay paddocks. Application times for the Southland trials were 4 weeks prior to cutting, 2 weeks prior to cutting, the same day as cutting and onto the windrow after cutting. Minerals applied and rates of application were Cu: 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 kg copper sulphate ha -1

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Cyanogenesis potential and iodine concentration in white clover (Trifolium repensL.) cultivars

Cited by 50 publications

References 17 publications

Inter-Taxa Differences in Iodine Uptake by Plants: Implications for Food Quality and Contamination

Inter-Taxa Differences in Iodine Uptake by Plants: Implications for Food Quality and Contamination

Plant Cyanogenesis of Phaseolus lunatus and its Relevance for Herbivore–Plant Interaction: The Importance of Quantitative Data

Fortification of silage and hay crops with trace elements

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